Chronic Emergency : Why NCDs Matter
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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'Chronic emergency: why non
communicable diseases (NCDs) Matter' examines the
magnitude of the challenge posed by NCDs in middle- and
low-income countries, and makes the case for elevating the
challenge as a priority item to address on the agenda of
decision-makers. NCDs are on the rise in all middle- and
low-income country regions. By 2030, NCDs are expected to
account for three quarters of the disease burden in
middle-income countries, up from two-thirds today and
approaching the level of high-income countries. In low
income countries, the NCD share of the disease burden will
increase even more quickly and will approach the levels
currently found in middle-income countries. At the same
time, many low-income countries will continue to contend
with substantial communicable disease burdens, thus facing a
double burden of disease. Further, compared to their
higher-income counterparts, many developing countries will
face elevated NCD levels at earlier stages of economic
development and with a much compressed timeline to address
the challenge. The overall economic and social cost of NCDs
vastly exceeds their direct medical costs. NCDs affect
economies, health systems, and households and individuals
through a range of drivers such as reduced labor
productivity, higher medical treatment costs, and lost
savings. These drivers aggregate into significant
socioeconomic impacts, including in the areas of: country
productivity and competitiveness; fiscal pressures; health
outcomes; and poverty, inequity and opportunity loss.
Despite the magnitude of the NCD challenge, there is
considerable space for action. While most countries will not
be able to treat their way out of the NCD challenge because
of the immense costs such a strategy requires, they can
target NCD risk factors and promote healthier lifestyles
through focused prevention efforts while also facilitating
strategic adaptation measures to mitigate the impact of NCDs
on economies, health systems, and households and individuals.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES, ADOLESCENTS, ADULT HEALTH, AGING, AGING POPULATIONS, ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION, BASIC NEEDS, BEHAVIOR CHANGE, BURDEN OF DISEASE, CANCER, CANCER PATIENTS, CANCERS, CAPITAL INVESTMENTS, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, CAREGIVERS, CATASTROPHIC EXPENDITURES, CHILD HEALTH, CHRONIC CONDITIONS, CHRONIC DISEASE, CHRONIC DISEASES, CIRCULATORY SYSTEM, CITIES, CITIZENS, CLIMATE CHANGE, COMMUNICABLE DISEASE, COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, COMMUNITY HEALTH, COST-EFFECTIVENESS, DEATHS, DEBT, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, DEPENDENCY RATIO, DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DIABETES, DIABETES MELLITUS, DIAGNOSIS, DIET, DIETS, DIGESTIVE DISEASES, DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISEASES, DISABILITIES, DISABILITY, DISEASE, DISEASE BURDEN, DISEASE MANAGEMENT, DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, EARLY CHILDHOOD, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY, ECONOMIC PROSPERITY, EFFECTIVE ACTION, EFFECTIVE USE, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EMPOWERING WOMEN, ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, EPIDEMIC, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE, ESSENTIAL DRUGS, FAMILIES, FAMILY MEMBERS, FINANCIAL ALLOCATIONS, FISCAL POLICY, FORMAL EDUCATION, HEALTH AFFAIRS, HEALTH BUDGETS, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE REFORM, HEALTH CONDITIONS, HEALTH COSTS, HEALTH EDUCATION, HEALTH EFFECTS, HEALTH EXPENDITURES, HEALTH EXPENDITURES PER CAPITA, HEALTH FINANCING, HEALTH MINISTRIES, HEALTH ORGANIZATION, HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH PROGRAMS, HEALTH REFORMS, HEALTH RISKS, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SERVICE, HEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH STATUS, HEALTH SYSTEM, HEALTH SYSTEM COVERAGE, HEALTH SYSTEMS, HEALTHCARE EXPENDITURES, HEALTHCARE SERVICES, HEALTHY DEVELOPMENT, HEALTHY LIFESTYLES, HEART ATTACK, HEART DISEASE, HIV/AIDS, HOSPITAL, HOSPITALIZATION, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN LIFE, HUMAN RESOURCES, HYPERTENSION, ILL-HEALTH, ILLNESS, INCOME, INCOME GROUPS, INEQUITIES, INJURIES, INSURANCE, INSURANCE SCHEMES, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, INTERNATIONAL POLICY, INTERVENTION, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR SUPPLY, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIFE INSURANCE, LIFESTYLES, LIVES OF INDIVIDUALS, LIVING CONDITIONS, LONG-TERM CARE, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, LOW-INCOME COUNTRY, LUNG CANCER, MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS, MALNUTRITION, MEDICAL COSTS, MEDICAL SERVICES, MEDICAL SKILLS, MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, MEDICAL TREATMENT, MEDICINES, MENTAL DISORDERS, MENTAL HEALTH, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MODERNIZATION, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, MORTALITY RATE, NATIONAL ACTIONS, NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS, NCD, NEGATIVE EFFECTS, NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, NUTRITION, OBESITY, PATIENTS, PHARMACEUTICALS, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLLUTION, POOR FAMILIES, POOR HEALTH, POOR NUTRITION, POPULATION DATA, POPULATION DISCUSSION, POPULATION SIZE, PREMATURE DEATH, PREVALENCE, PREVENTION EFFORTS, PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS, PRIMARY CARE, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SECTORS, PROBABILITY, PROGRESS, PROVIDER PAYMENT, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC POLICY, PURCHASING POWER, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, QUALITY CONTROL, REGIONAL STRATEGIES, RESPECT, RESPIRATORY DISEASES, RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS, RISK FACTOR, RISK FACTORS, SAFETY NET, SMOKING, SOCIAL IMPACT, SOCIAL SECTOR, SOCIAL WELFARE, TOBACCO TAXATION, TREATMENT SERVICES, TUBERCULOSIS, UNEMPLOYMENT, URBANIZATION, USE OF RESOURCES, VICIOUS CYCLE, VULNERABILITY, VULNERABLE POPULATIONS, WORKERS, WORKFORCE, WORKING-AGE POPULATIONS, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, YOUNG ADULTS