Work-Related Migration and Poverty Reduction in Nepal
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Using two rounds of nationally
representative household survey data in this study, the
authors measure the impact on poverty in Nepal of local and
international migration for work. They apply an instrumental
variable approach to deal with nonrandom selection of
migrants and simulate various scenarios for the different
levels of work-related migration, comparing observed and
counterfactual household expenditure distribution. The
results indicate that one-fifth of the poverty reduction in
Nepal occurring between 1995 and 2004 can be attributed to
increased levels of work-related migration and remittances
sent home. The authors also show that while the increase in
work migration abroad was the leading cause of this poverty
reduction, internal migration also played an important role.
The findings show that strategies for economic growth and
poverty reduction in Nepal should consider aspects of the
dynamics of domestic and international migration.
Palabras clave
ADULT POPULATION, AGGREGATE DEMAND, AGGREGATE POVERTY, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, BENEFITS OF MIGRATION, BETTER ACCESS TO MARKETS, CAPITA EXPENDITURE, CONSEQUENCES OF MIGRATION, CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR, CONSUMPTION DECISIONS, CONSUMPTION EQUATION, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES, CONSUMPTION LEVEL, CONSUMPTION REGRESSIONS, CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING, COUNTERFACTUAL, COUNTRY OF DESTINATION, CURRENT CONSUMPTION, CURRENT INCOME, DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS, DEPENDENCE, DEPENDENCY RATIO, DISTRICTS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC WELL-BEING, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, ELDERLY, ETHNICITY, EXPENDITURE DISTRIBUTIONS, EXPLANATORY VARIABLES, FARM ACTIVITIES, FERTILITY, GENDER, HOST COUNTRY, HOUSEHOLD BUDGET, HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD DEMOGRAPHICS, HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE, HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE DISTRIBUTION, HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY DATA, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSEHOLD WEALTH, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUSBANDS, IDENTITY, ILLITERACY, IMPACT OF MIGRATION, IMPACT ON POVERTY, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME INEQUALITY, INSURANCE, INTEREST RATES, INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, JOB OPPORTUNITIES, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LAND OWNERSHIP, LANDHOLDINGS, LANDLESS HOUSEHOLDS, LEVEL OF CONSUMPTION, LEVELS OF CONSUMPTION, LIVING STANDARDS, LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE, MALARIA, MIGRANT, MIGRANT WORKERS, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, NATIONALS, NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS, PARAMETER ESTIMATES, PEACE, PENSIONS, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, PERSONAL SAFETY, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLITICAL INSTABILITY, POOR, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POTENTIAL MIGRANTS, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY MEASUREMENT, POVERTY MEASURES, POVERTY RATE, POVERTY RATES, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY STATUS, PROGRESS, PURCHASING POWER, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, REMITTANCE, REMITTANCES, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RURAL, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL MIGRATION, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL REGIONS, SIMULATIONS, SOCIAL NETWORKS, SPILLOVER, TRANSPORTATION, TREATY, URBAN AREAS, URBAN CENTER, URBAN MIGRATION, VILLAGES, WEALTHY HOUSEHOLDS