The Role of Inequality in Climate-Poverty Debates
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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There is no doubt that the poorest
people are already and will continue to be most severely
impacted by climatic changes, including shifting trends as
well as more frequent and severe extreme events. Yet, new
insights on the dynamics and distribution of poverty point
to the need to comprehend where the poor and poorest are,
how they are poor, and why their poverty constrains their
abilities to cope with and adapt to occurring and predicted
changes. This paper draws on a diverse and growing
literature on climate change and poverty to argue that
uneven power relations more so than exposure and sensitivity
to climatic hazards make the poor and disadvantaged
distinctly more vulnerable than more affluent, privileged,
and powerful groups and individuals. Further, climatic
stressors and climate change as well as climate policies,
often entangled with social exclusion and institutional
neglect, compound the issue of poverty and exacerbate human
precariousness, hence acting as a threat multiplier. The
paper compares different approaches to assessing poverty,
and explores structural processes and power dynamics that
drive or perpetuate inequalities. The paper also
investigates how the currently nonpoor may become transient
or chronic poor, how climate change may exacerbate poverty
traps, and how interventions to curb emissions and
multidimensional poverty may be tackled to pursue
climate-resilient development pathways.
Palabras clave
SANITATION, SOCIAL POLICIES, RISKS, ALTITUDE, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY LINE, BASES, SOCIAL FUNDS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, TEMPERATURE, RISK REDUCTION, POLITICS, ILLITERACY, INCOME POVERTY, FOOD CONSUMPTION, FLOURISHES, CROPLAND, INCOME, POVERTY INDICES, POVERTY RATES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, CONVERGENCE, EMISSIONS, INCOME TRANSFERS, ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, DEATH, HUMAN ASSETS, RURAL LIVELIHOODS, FOOD STAMPS, PRIVATE SAFETY NETS, POVERTY DYNAMICS, INCENTIVES, LAND SCARCITY, NATIONAL POVERTY, POOR PEOPLE, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, CONFLICT, MEASURES, POVERTY MEASURES, PESTICIDES, HOUSEHOLD DEMOGRAPHICS, HURRICANES, TRANSIENT POOR, SAFETY NETS, NEW POOR, POVERTY REDUCTION, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, GENDER DIMENSIONS, RURAL ELITES, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, RURAL HOUSEHOLD, IRON, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, CASH CROPS, FOOD PRICE, FOOD PREPARATION, CAPACITY, INCOME INEQUALITY, SOIL EROSION, CROP ROTATION, TRANSFERS, RAINFALL, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, LAND DEGRADATION, SURFACE TEMPERATURE, CHRONIC POVERTY, GLACIERS, CLIMATE CHANGE, ECONOMIC POLICIES, FARMERS, PRECIPITATION, CASH TRANSFERS, LAND TITLES, CHRONIC POVERTY, CROP YIELDS, HUMAN CAPITAL, FROST, FARMLAND, LEAD, POVERTY ERADICATION, FOOD INSECURITY, FOOD SECURITY, POVERTY INDEX, CLIMATE CHANGE, IPCC, DROUGHT, HIGHER INEQUALITY, HIGHER INEQUALITY, POVERTY‐REDUCTION, ELECTRICITY, RURAL GROWTH, CLIMATE, LAND SCARCITY, POOR COUNTRIES, FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, GREEN AREAS, CLIMATE SYSTEM, RURAL SETTINGS, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, DISADVANTAGED GROUPS, MALNUTRITION, RURAL, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, ASSET POVERTY, NUTRITION, PUBLIC WORKS, RURAL EMPLOYMENT, RECIPROCITY, COMMON PROPERTY, SOCIAL POLICIES, RURAL REGIONS, INSURANCE, HUMAN HEALTH, FOOD INSECURITY, HIGH INEQUALITY, AGRARIAN REFORM, CLIMATIC CHANGE, POVERTY‐REDUCTION STRATEGIES, DRINKING WATER, IRRIGATION, RECIPROCAL GIFTS, RURAL AREAS, POVERTY, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, RISK MANAGEMENT, POVERTY DYNAMICS, POOR, RISK MANAGEMENT, FOOD PRICES, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, POOR COUNTRIES, LAND MANAGEMENT, PRICES, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, BENEFITS, NEGATIVE IMPACTS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, INEQUALITY, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, Shock Waves