Romania Climate Change and Low Carbon Green Growth Program
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Washington, DC
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This report has been prepared by the
World Bank for the Government of Romania as an output of the
World Bank advisory services program on climate change and
low-carbon green growth in Romania. In response to the
request, the World Bank quickly mobilized a team of sectoral
and climate change (CC) specialists and conducted rapid
assessments in six sectors - energy, transport, urban,
water, agriculture, and forestry, which were pre-identified
by both the Government of Romania and the World Bank as
areas significant to emission mitigation and or adaptation
to CC. The objective of rapid assessments was to quickly
evaluate climate risks and identify CC-related investment
priorities and necessary implementation support for the
2014-2020 operational programs. This document is the
stocktaking report of component A1. It provides an
introductory cover to the literature on CC, baseline for
Romania, institutional review of Romania and key European
Union (EU) requirements, as well as available data sets that
were identified in the given short-time span. Its purpose is
to support the government as a first stock of key climate
and green growth issues for Romania and summarize the
current situation. The report is structured as follows:
section one gives introduction, section two provides the
sectoral summary on the country background and
characteristics. Section three provides the baseline for the
CC and green growth challenges in Romania. Relevant climate
dimensions of Europe 2020 and existing EU regulations and
policies related to climate change are summarized in section
four. Section five provides an overview of national
strategies, regulatory framework, and organizational setup
for addressing CC in Romania. Background information on the
Romania 2014-2020 European structural and investment funds
(ESIF) programming and CC related aspects in the forthcoming
ESIF programming report are covered in section six. Finally,
section seven provides a CC relevant bibliography for
Romania that may serve as a tool for referring to key
literature in the field.
Palabras clave
ABSORPTION, AFFORESTATION, AIR, AIR PASSENGER, AIR QUALITY, AIR TEMPERATURE, AIRPORTS, ALLOWANCE TRADING, ANNUAL PRECIPITATION, ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS, ANTHROPOGENIC GREENHOUSE, ANTHROPOGENIC GREENHOUSE GAS, ANTHROPOGENIC GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, ATMOSPHERE, AUTOMOBILE, BIOMASS, BOILERS, BRIDGE, BUS, CALCULATION, CAPITAL SUBSIDIES, CAR, CAR MODE SHARE, CAR OWNERSHIP, CAR USE, CARBON, CARBON CAPTURE, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS, CARBON ECONOMY, CARBON TRADING, CARBONIZATION, CARS, CH4, CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION, CLIMATE PROTECTION, CLIMATE-CHANGE, CO, CO2, COAL, COMMUNITY GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, CONSUMPTION PATTERNS, DAMAGES, DEGRADED AREAS, DEGRADED LANDS, DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY, DENITRIFICATION, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, DISTRICT HEATING, DOMESTIC TRANSPORT, DRAINAGE, DRIVING, DROUGHT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, ELECTRICITY PRICES, ELECTRICITY SUPPLY, EMISSION, EMISSION ALLOWANCES, EMISSION FACTORS, EMISSION LEVELS, EMISSION REDUCTION COMMITMENTS, EMISSION TRADING, EMISSION TRENDS, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURE, EMISSIONS LEVELS, EMISSIONS REDUCTION, EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENERGY DEMAND, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY MIX, ENERGY SOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, EUTROPHICATION, EXCHANGE RATE, EXOGENOUS SHOCKS, EXOTIC SPECIES, EXTREME WEATHER, EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS, FERTILISER, FERTILISERS, FINANCIAL MARKETS, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FLOODS, FOREST, FOREST AREAS, FOREST GROWTH, FOREST HEALTH, FOREST MANAGEMENT, FOREST OWNERS, FOREST OWNERSHIP, FOREST RESEARCH, FOREST SYSTEMS, FORESTRY, FORESTS, FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, FREE MARKET, FREIGHT, FROST, FUEL, FUEL CONSUMPTION, FUEL COSTS, FUEL USE, FUELS, FUGITIVE EMISSIONS, GAS CONSUMPTION, GAS PRICES, GASES, GENERATION MIX, GHG, GHGS, GLACIERS, GLOBAL EMISSIONS, GLOBAL EMISSIONS REDUCTION, GLOBAL WARMING, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTION, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTIONS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY, GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTIONS, GREENHOUSE GASES, GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSIONS, HEAT PRODUCTION, HEATING SYSTEMS, HEAVY VEHICLES, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY, HURRICANES, IMPORTS, INCOME, INCOME HOUSEHOLDS, INLAND WATERWAYS, INSURANCE, INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SUPPORT, IPCC, LAKES, LAND USE, LAND USE CHANGE, LANDFILL, LANDFILLS, LOW CARBON ECONOMY, LOW-CARBON, MARKET ECONOMY, METHANE, METHANE EMISSIONS, MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT, MODAL SPLIT, MONETARY FUND, MONTREAL PROTOCOL, N2O, NATURAL GAS, NATURAL GAS PRICES, NEGATIVE IMPACTS, NITRATES, NITROGEN, NOX, OCEANS, ORGANIC WASTE, OZONE, OZONE LAYER, PASSENGER TRANSPORT, PIERS, POLLUTION, POWER GENERATION, PRECIPITATION, PRIVATE TRAFFIC, PUBLIC TRANSPORT, PUBLIC TRANSPORT PATRONAGE, RAIL, RAIL FREIGHT, RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE, RAIL MODE, RAIL PASSENGERS, RAILWAY, RAILWAY LINES, RAILWAY SYSTEM, RAILWAYS, RAINFALL, REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES, RETROFITTING, ROAD, ROAD SAFETY, ROAD TRANSPORT, ROADS, RUNWAYS, SANITARY LANDFILLS, SEVERE HURRICANES, SINK, SO2, SOLVENTS, STORMS, SUSTAINABLE FOREST, SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT, TAX, TEMPERATURE, TOTAL ELECTRICITY GENERATION, TOTAL EMISSIONS, TRAFFIC, TRAFFIC CONGESTION, TRAFFIC LEVELS, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT ACTIVITY, TRANSPORT ALTERNATIVES, TRANSPORT EMISSIONS, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT INVESTMENT, TRANSPORT MODES, TRANSPORT SECTOR, TRANSPORT STATISTICS, TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION PROFESSIONALS, TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, TRAVEL MODE, TRIPS, URBAN TRANSPORT, VEHICLE, VEHICLE OWNERSHIP, VEHICLES, WATER QUALITY, WIND