Women’s Police Stations and Domestic Violence
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Although women’s police centers have
been gaining popularity as a measure to address domestic
violence, to date no quantitative evaluations of their
impacts on the incidence of domestic violence or any other
manifestations of gender equality have been done. This paper
estimates the effects of women’s police stations in Brazil
on female homicides, as a measure of the most severe form of
domestic violence. Given that a high fraction of female
deaths among women ages 15 to 49 years can be attributed to
aggression by an intimate partner, female homicides appear
the best available proxy for severe domestic violence
considering the scarcity of data on domestic violence. The
paper uses a panel of 2,074 municipalities and takes
advantage of the gradual rollout of women’s police stations
from 2004 to 2009, to estimate the effect of establishing a
women’s police station on the municipal female homicide
rate. Although the analysis does not find an association on
average, women’s police stations appear to be highly
effective among some groups of women: women living in
metropolitan areas and younger women. Establishing a women’s
police station in a metropolitan municipality is associated
with a reduction in the homicide rate by 1.23 deaths per
100,000 women (which roughly amounts to a 17 percent
reduction in the average homicide rate in metropolitan
municipalities). The reduction in the homicide rate of women
ages 15 to 24 is even higher: 5.57 deaths per 100,000 women.
Qualitative work suggests that better economic opportunities
and less traditional social norms in metropolitan areas may
explain the heterogeneous impacts of women’s police stations
in metropolitan areas and outside them.
Palabras clave
CIVIL CONFLICT, SOCIAL NORMS, POLICY GOALS, POLICY CONCERN, COURT, HOUSE, SHADOW REPORT, ABUSE, DOMESTIC PARTNER, DEATHS, ACTS OF VIOLENCE, LAWS, PARTNER, EXPERIENCE OF ABUSE, LABOR FORCE, SERVICES, DRUGS, DEATH, INTIMATE PARTNER, FAMILY MEMBERS, HEALTH, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, AUTONOMY OF WOMEN, HEALTH PROFESSIONALS, NATIONAL PRIORITY, NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS, CRIME, WILL, BATTERED WOMEN, HOSPITAL, PUBLIC HEALTH, HOME, HEALTH SECTOR, KNOWLEDGE, COURTS, PUBLIC POLICY, SOCIAL IMPACT, GENDER GAP, DISEASES, VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE, ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS, YOUNG AGE AT MARRIAGE, GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION, FEMALE VICTIM, JUDGE, RAPE, MARRIAGES, ADOPTION, VIOLENCE, PARTNER RELATIONSHIPS, MALE, LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, MARRIAGE, FAMILY HOME, RESIDENCE, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS, AGE AT MARRIAGE, MORTALITY, FORMS OF VIOLENCE, RESPECT, POLICE OFFICERS, PROGRESS, YOUNGER WOMEN, SEXUAL ABUSE, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, ELIMINATION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, ACCESS TO JUSTICE, POLICE FORCE, YOUNG AGE, POLICIES, SOCIAL SERVICES, SCHOOLS, WOMAN, FAMILY, PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT, AGE, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, CRIMES, GENDER, DIVORCE, POLICY MAKERS, VICTIMS, POPULATION DENSITY, VICTIM, FAMILY PLANNING, FEWER CHILDREN, POPULATIONS, MOTHER, QUALITY CONTROL, POLICY, OLDER WOMEN, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, ABUSIVE RELATIONSHIPS, HUSBANDS, HEALTH SYSTEM, JUSTICE, SEX, HUMAN RIGHTS, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, DOMESTIC ABUSE, CHILDREN, FEMALES, HUSBAND, WAR, FATHER, ACCIDENTS, EQUALITY, NATIONAL PLAN, VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, RURAL AREAS, PARTNERS, YOUNG WOMEN, NATIONAL POLICY, POPULATION, LAW, INTIMATE PARTNERS, HOUSES, URBAN WOMEN, POLICY RESEARCH, WOMEN, INHERITANCE, SEXUAL VIOLENCE, IMPORTANT POLICY, FEMALE, WIFE, IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION, GENDER EQUALITY, SERVICE PROVIDERS, DEVELOPMENT POLICY