A Lack of Clean Drinking Water is Associated with Lacking Food and Experiencing Food Safety Threats in 121 Countries across the Globe

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dc.creatorBruine de Bruin, Wändi
dc.creatorInwald, Joshua
dc.creatorMcDonnell, Rachael
dc.creatorYoung, Sera L.
dc.creatorde la Haye, Kayla
dc.date2026-06-01
dc.date2026-06-15T10:33:02Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T18:28:03Z
dc.descriptionEvidence for the co-occurrence of lacking food and clean drinking water is largely missing for high-income countries and has overlooked water’s importance for food safety. Here we examined how lacking food and food safety covaried with lacking clean drinking water, using World Risk Poll data from 121 countries across country-income levels (N = 124,003). Lacking food for more than a day in the past year was associated with lacking clean drinking water for more than a day in the past year. Participants who lacked both food and clean water, or either alone (versus neither) were more likely to experience food safety threats and be concerned about food safety. Relationships held across country-income levels. Low-income countries (especially in Eastern Africa) and high-income countries (especially in Northern America) showed compounded effects of lacking food and clean drinking water on food safety. Worldwide, food insecurity, food safety and water insecurity should be addressed jointly.
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/183349
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/156756
dc.languageen
dc.publisherNature Portfolio
dc.relationhttps://codeocean.com/capsule/3707067/tree/v1
dc.rightsLimited Access
dc.sourceBruine de Bruin, Wändi, Joshua Inwald, Rachael McDonnell, Sera L. Young, and Kayla de la Haye. 2026. “A Lack of Clean Drinking Water is Associated with Lacking Food and Experiencing Food Safety Threats in 121 Countries across the Globe.” Nature Food, ahead of print, June 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-026-01363-8.
dc.subjectdrinking water
dc.subjectfood safety
dc.subjectfood insecurity
dc.subjectwater insecurity
dc.subjectpublic health
dc.titleA Lack of Clean Drinking Water is Associated with Lacking Food and Experiencing Food Safety Threats in 121 Countries across the Globe
dc.typeJournal Article

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Instituto Internacional para el Manejo del Agua (IWMI)