Enforcing Regulation: The Impact of Violating Drinking Water Standards on Infant Health at Birth in the US
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This paper documents the impact of different drinking water violations on
infant health outcomes at a national level net of the impact of existing regulations.
It shows that while avoidance behavior such as buying drinking water
is significant, it cannot fully offset the health impact of water contaminants.
Moreover, consumers only respond to the most salient contaminants and fail
to appreciate the risks associated with water contamination. Once exposure
has occurred medica, medical treatment is not sufficient to compensate for the
damage to fetal health. This paper also shows that enforcement activities can
be very effective at minimizing exposure even when enforcement is informal
and does not make use of the full extent of the law.