Rural Roads and Local Market Development in Vietnam
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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The authors assess impacts of rural road
rehabilitation on market development at the commune level in
rural Vietnam and examine the variance of those impacts and
the geographic, community, and household factors that
explains it. Double difference and matching methods are used
to address sources of selection bias in identifying impacts.
The results point to significant average impacts on the
development of local markets. They also uncover evidence of
considerable impact heterogeneity, with a tendency for
poorer communes to have higher impacts due to lower levels
of initial market development. Yet, poor areas are also
saddled with other attributes that reduce those impacts.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO MARKETS, ACCESSIBILITY, AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES, AGRICULTURAL BANK, AGRICULTURE, AIR, AVAILABILITY OF CREDIT, BANK BRANCH, BIKE REPAIR, BOTTLENECKS, CD, COMMERCIAL BANKS, COMMUNES, COMMUNITIES, CONSUMER GOODS, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES, CONSUMPTION LEVELS, COST OF TRANSPORT, CREDIT AVAILABILITY, DESCRIPTION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS, DISTRICTS, DUMMY VARIABLES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, ECONOMIC POLICIES, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, EXPENDITURES, EXTERNALITIES, FINANCES, FREIGHT, GOVERNMENT SPENDING, HIGH TRANSPORT, HOLDING, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, INCOME EFFECT, INCREASING RETURNS, INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE, INFRASTRUCTURE REHABILITATION, INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INTERNATIONAL BANK, INTERVENTION, INTERVENTIONS, LACK OF CREDIT, LAND USE, LENGTH OF ROAD, LIVING STANDARDS, LOCAL ECONOMY, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, LOCAL MARKET, LOCAL MARKETS, MARKET DEVELOPMENT, MARKET ECONOMY, MARKET TOWN, MARKETING, MARKETPLACE, MOBILITY, MODES OF TRANSPORT, OCCUPATION, OCCUPATIONS, PASSENGER TRANSPORT, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POPULATION DENSITIES, POPULATION DENSITY, POSITIVE EFFECTS, PUBLIC INVESTMENTS, RAILROAD, RAILWAYS, RETAIL, RETURNS, ROAD, ROAD CONDITIONS, ROAD IMPROVEMENT, ROAD IMPROVEMENTS, ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE, ROAD LINKS, ROAD PROJECTS, RURAL AREA, RURAL AREAS, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, RURAL MARKETS, RURAL ROADS, RURAL TRANSFORMATION, RURAL TRANSPORT, SAFETY, SAFETY NETS, SHOPS, SMALL BUSINESSES, SOCIAL STRUCTURE, SUBSTITUTE, SUBSTITUTES, TRADING, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT COSTS, TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT, TRANSPORT IMPROVEMENTS, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION ACCESSIBILITY, TRAVEL COSTS, TRAVEL TIME, TRUE, TRUST FUND, VEHICLE, VILLAGES