The WTO and the Doha Round : Walking on Two Legs
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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The Doha Round of the World Trade
Organization (WTO) negotiations has been ongoing for 10
years, and given political cycles in major countries, there
is not much hope for a rapid conclusion. The topics on the
table are important, and in principle there is enough
substance for all countries to gain from an agreement, but,
unfortunately, too much emphasis has been placed on gains
through market access alone. The Doha Round is about much
more than market access. Concluding the talks arguably
requires greater recognition of the value of trade policy
disciplines that will be part of any agreement. The WTO is
not just a market access negotiating forum; it is also a
multilateral umbrella through which governments can agree on
rules of the game for other trade-related policies. Given
the slow progress of the Round, greater emphasis could be
put on leveraging existing WTO bodies to enhance the
transparency of nontariff measures, address regulatory
concerns that impede liberalization of trade in services,
and launch a dialogue on domestic economic policies that can
create negative spillover effects for trading partners.
Palabras clave
AGREEMENT ON TRADE, AGRICULTURAL EXPORT SUBSIDIES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT, AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT POLICIES, AGRICULTURAL TRADE, ANTIDUMPING, APPLIED TARIFF, AVERAGE TARIFF, AVERAGE TARIFF LEVELS, AVERAGE TARIFFS, BANK POLICY, BARRIERS ON IMPORTS, BARRIERS TO TRADE, COMMODITY, COMMODITY PRICE, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITION POLICIES, COMPETITION POLICY, COMPETITIVENESS, CONCESSIONS, CONSUMERS, CRITICAL MASS, CURRENCY, CUSTOMS, DEPOSITORIES, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRY, DISPUTE SETTLEMENT, DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISM, DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION, DOMESTIC MARKET, DOMESTIC MARKETS, DOMESTIC REGULATION, ECONOMIC POLICIES, ECONOMIC POLICY, ECONOMIC WELFARE, EMERGING MARKET, EMERGING MARKET COUNTRIES, EMERGING MARKETS, EXCHANGE RATE, EXCHANGE RATES, EXPENDITURES, EXPORT BARRIERS, EXPORT GROWTH, EXPORT MARKET, EXPORT RESTRICTIONS, EXPORT TAXES, EXPORTERS, EXPORTS, EXTERNALITIES, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FIXED COSTS, FOOD PRICES, FOREIGN MARKET, FOREIGN MARKETS, FOREIGN OWNERSHIP, FOREIGN PRODUCTS, FREE ACCESS, GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS, GLOBAL BUSINESS, GLOBAL ECONOMY, GLOBAL MARKETS, GLOBALIZATION, GOVERNMENT REVENUES, GROWTH RATES, HOLDING, IMPORT PROTECTION, IMPORT RESTRICTIONS, IMPORTS, INCOME, INCOME GROWTH, INDUSTRIAL POLICY, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INSTRUMENT, INSURANCE, INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INVESTING, INVESTMENT POLICIES, INVESTMENT POLICY, INVESTOR CONFIDENCE, JOB CREATION, LDCS, LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, MARKET ACCESS, MARKET ENTRY, MONETARY FUND, MONETARY POLICIES, MOST FAVORED NATION, MULTILATERAL TRADE, MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATION, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCES, NEGATIVE SPILLOVERS, NEW MARKETS, NEW PRODUCTS, OPENNESS, OPPORTUNITY COST, OPPORTUNITY COSTS, PENSION, PER CAPITA INCOME, POLITICAL CYCLE, POLITICAL CYCLES, POLITICAL ECONOMY, PREFERENTIAL TRADE, PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENT, PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS, REAL ESTATE, REAL INCOME, RECIPROCITY, REGULATORS, REGULATORY POLICIES, REGULATORY REGIMES, REGULATORY SYSTEMS, SMALL COUNTRIES, SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS, TARIFF BINDINGS, TARIFF NEGOTIATIONS, TARIFF RATES, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TRADE AND INVESTMENT POLICIES, TRADE BARRIERS, TRADE COSTS, TRADE FACILITATION, TRADE FINANCE, TRADE FLOWS, TRADE IN GOODS, TRADE IN SERVICES, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE POLICIES, TRADE POLICY, TRADE POLICY REVIEW, TRADE POLICY REVIEW MECHANISM, TRADE REGIME, TRADING, TRADITIONAL MARKET, TRANSPARENCY, UNDERESTIMATES, UNDERVALUATION, VALUE OF TRADE, WORLD MARKETS, WORLD PRICES, WORLD TRADE, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, WORLD TRADING SYSTEM, WTO