Strengthening Governance of Social Safety Nets in East Asia
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Several East Asian countries, in the
aftermath of the global financial crisis, are considering an
expansion of their social safety net programs. In many
cases, existing delivery mechanisms for social assistance in
the region tend to be basic, in line with the small size of
programs. In a context of coverage expansion and
proliferation of new programs, the risk of creating
increasingly complex systems characterized by
cross-incentives is high. Lack of coordination, ambiguous
criteria for identifying and selecting beneficiaries, low
administrative capacity, lack of transparency and limited
beneficiary participation pose risks for program
effectiveness and can decrease accountability. Good
governance can improve program outcomes through effective
program coordination, stronger accountability arrangements,
provider incentives and greater transparency and
participation. This paper proposes an analytical framework
to systematically identify governance risks and constraints
which, if removed, could improve the outcomes of modern
social assistance programs.
Palabras clave
ACCOUNTABILITY, ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMS, ADMINISTRATIVE ARRANGEMENTS, ADMINISTRATIVE BUDGET, ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY, ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEMS, ADOLESCENTS, AGED, ANTI-CORRUPTION, ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGY, ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS, AUTHORITY, BENEFICIARY, BENEFICIARY PARTICIPATION, BENEFIT AMOUNT, BENEFIT PACKAGE, BLOCK GRANT, CASH BENEFITS, CASH GRANT, CASH PAYMENTS, CASH TRANSFER, CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, CITIZEN, CIVIL SOCIETY, CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION, CLINICS, COMMUNITY HEALTH, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, CONDITIONAL CASH, CONFLICT, CORRUPTION, DECENTRALIZATION, DECENTRALIZATION PROCESS, DECISION-MAKING, DECREE, DEMOCRATIC SYSTEMS, DIAGNOSTIC QUESTIONS, DISCLOSURE, DISCRIMINATION, DISTRICTS, ECONOMIC CRISIS, ECONOMIC DOWNTURN, ECONOMIC STRESS, EDUCATION PROGRAMS, ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS, ELIGIBLE BENEFICIARIES, EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE, EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE, EXECUTION, EXPENDITURE, EXTERNAL ACCOUNTABILITY, FEE WAIVERS, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FOOD ASSISTANCE, FOOD DISTRIBUTION, FREE HEALTH, GOOD GOVERNANCE, GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES, GOVERNANCE DIMENSIONS, GOVERNANCE ENVIRONMENT, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS, GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES, GOVERNMENT LEVEL, GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS, GOVERNMENT POLICY, GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS, HEALTH BENEFITS, HEALTH CARD, HEALTH CENTERS, HEALTH CLINIC, HEALTH FACILITY, HEALTH FINANCING, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH RESEARCH, HEALTH SERVICE, HOSPITALIZATION, HOSPITALS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES, IMPROVING GOVERNANCE, INCOME, INCOME LEVELS, INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT, INSTITUTIONAL INCENTIVES, INSTITUTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS, INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE, INSTITUTIONALIZATION, INSURANCE, INSURANCE PROGRAM, INSURANCE SCHEMES, INTERMEDIARIES, INTERNAL ACCOUNTABILITY, INTERVENTION, JUDICIARY, LACK OF ACCOUNTABILITY, LACK OF TRANSPARENCY, LACK OF TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY, LEGISLATURE, LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, LOCAL LEVELS, LOCAL POLITICIANS, LOW INCOME COUNTRIES, MEANS TEST, MEANS TESTING, MEMBER STATES, MIDWIFES, MINISTRY OF FINANCE, NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS, NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE, NATIONAL LEVEL, NEAR POOR, PARENTAL CARE, PARTICIPATORY PLANNING, PATIENTS, PENSION, PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POLITICAL INFLUENCE, POLITICAL LEADERS, POLITICAL SUPPORT, POLITICIANS, POOR, POOR PERFORMANCE, POSTNATAL CARE, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRICE SUBSIDIES, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PROGRAM COVERAGE, PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY, PROTECTION SYSTEM, PROTECTION SYSTEMS, PUBLIC FUNDS, PUBLIC HOSPITALS, PUBLIC OFFICIALS, PUBLIC POLICY, PUBLIC RESOURCES, PUBLIC SECTOR, PUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE, PUBLIC WORKS, PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS, QUALITY CONTROL, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, REPRESENTATIVES, RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS, RISK OF FRAUD, RULE OF LAW, SAFETY NET PROGRAMS, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SCHOOL FEEDING, SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMS, SCREENING, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE PROVIDER, SINGLE PARENTS, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL MARKETING, SOCIAL PROGRAMS, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEM, SOCIAL SAFETY, SOCIAL SAFETY NET, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SERVICE, SOCIAL TRANSFER, SOCIAL WELFARE, SOCIAL WORKERS, SOCIALIZATION, SSN, SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION, TARGETING, TARGETING MECHANISMS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TRANSFER PROGRAM, TRANSFER PROGRAMS, UNIVERSAL HEALTH, VOUCHERS, VULNERABLE GROUPS, VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS, WELFARE PROGRAMS, WORK PROJECTS, WORKERS, WORKFARE, WORKS PROJECT