Long-Term Care Policies for Older Populations in New EU Member States and Croatia : Challenges and Opportunities
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Washington, DC
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The objective of this summary report is
to highlight the main lessons learned from Organization for
Economic Development and Co-operation (OECD) countries with
advanced Long Term Care (LTC) policies and the implications
for LTC policymaking in new European Union (EU) member
states and Croatia. The first section examines the main
findings from the framework report on the financing,
provision and regulation of LTC services. The next section
presents comparative findings from the four case study
countries, including the demographic context for LTC
services, the main features of the financing, provision and
regulation of LTC services and the strengths and weaknesses
of current LTC systems there. The last section identifies
policy directions for the four case study countries. In
terms of LTC benefits, none of the case study countries have
a universal entitlement system combining home, community and
institutional care. Rather, LTC benefits, both cash and
in-kind, are limited and largely associated with the social
assistance system. The lack of data on LTC expenditures
mainly stems from the undefined position of LTC between the
health and social sectors, which makes it difficult to
accurately collect data.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES, ACCOUNTING, ADEQUATE INCENTIVES, AGED, AGING, ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY, ANNUAL EXPENDITURES, BABY, BARRIERS TO ENTRY, BASIC HEALTH CARE, BEDS, BENEFICIARIES, CAPITAL EXPENDITURES, CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, CERTIFICATION, CITIZENS, COUNSELORS, DATA COLLECTION, DAY CARE, DEGREE OF RISK, DEMAND FOR SERVICES, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS, DEPENDENCY RATIO, DEPENDENCY RATIOS, DEPENDENT POPULATION, DISABILITIES, DISABILITY, DISEASES, DISSEMINATION, DOCTORS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ELDERLY, ELDERLY MEN, ELDERLY PEOPLE, ELDERLY PERSONS, ELDERLY POPULATION, ELDERLY WOMEN, EMPLOYMENT, ENTITLEMENTS, EXISTING CAPACITY, EXPENDITURE, EXPENDITURE IMPLICATIONS, FAMILIES, FAMILY CARE, FAMILY MEMBERS, FAMILY WELFARE, FEWER BIRTHS, FEWER PEOPLE, FINANCIAL ANALYSIS, FINANCIAL BURDEN, FINANCIAL POSITION, FINANCING POLICIES, FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION, FISCAL FRAMEWORK, FISCAL IMPACT, FISCAL POLICIES, FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY, FORECASTS, FUTURE GENERATIONS, GENERAL REVENUES, GERIATRICS, GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE, GOVERNMENT POLICY, GOVERNMENT SPENDING, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROWTH RATE, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE INSTITUTIONS, HEALTH CARE REFORM, HEALTH CARE SECTOR, HEALTH CARE SERVICES, HEALTH CARE SYSTEM, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH FINANCING, HEALTH INSTITUTIONS, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH INSURANCE FUND, HEALTH ORGANIZATION, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SPECIALIST, HEALTH STATUS, HEALTH-SECTOR, HEALTHY LIFE, HOME CARE, HOSPICE, HOSPICES, HOSPITAL, HOSPITALS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, ILLNESS, IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH, INCOME, INFORMATION ASYMMETRY, INSTITUTIONALIZATION, INTEGRATION, INTEREST PAYMENTS, ISOLATION, LEGAL PROTECTION, LEGAL STATUS, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LOCAL BUDGETS, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, LOCAL TAXES, LONG-TERM CARE, LOWER BIRTH RATES, MARKET FAILURES, MEDICAID, MEDICAL CARE, MEDICAL PERSONNEL, MEDICAL TREATMENT, MEMBER COUNTRIES, MINISTRY OF FINANCE, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MONEY MANAGEMENT, MORBIDITY, MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS, MUNICIPAL HOSPITALS, MUNICIPAL SERVICES, MUNICIPALITIES, NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS, NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL STATISTICS, NEEDS ASSESSMENT, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, NURSES, NURSING, NURSING CARE, NURSING HOMES, OBESITY, OLD AGE, OLD-AGE, OLDER PEOPLE, OUTPATIENT SERVICES, PALLIATIVE CARE, PATIENT, PATIENTS, PAYROLL TAX, PERSONAL HYGIENE, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POPULATION DIVISION, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION GROWTH RATE, PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE, PRIMARY CARE, PRIVATE INSURANCE, PRIVATE PENSION, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SECTOR RESPONSE, PRIVATE SPENDING, PROGRAMS, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, PUBLIC FINANCE, PUBLIC FUNDS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC POLICY, PUBLIC PROVISION, PUBLIC SECTOR, PUBLIC SERVICES, PUBLIC SPENDING, PUBLIC SUBSIDIES, PURCHASING POWER, QUALITY ASSURANCE, QUALITY OF CARE, QUALITY OF HEALTH, QUALITY OF SERVICES, QUALITY SERVICE, REAL GROWTH, REFORM EFFORTS, REFORM STRATEGY, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, REHABILITATION, REHABILITATION CENTERS, RESIDENTIAL CARE, RESPITE CARE, SAFETY NET, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE PROVIDER, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SERVICE PROVISION, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL BENEFITS, SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE, SOCIAL INSURANCE, SOCIAL POLICY, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL PROTECTION SECTOR, SOCIAL REHABILITATION, SOCIAL SAFETY NETS, SOCIAL SECTOR, SOCIAL SECTORS, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTIONS, SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM, SOCIAL SERVICE, SOCIAL SERVICES, SOCIAL WELFARE, SOCIAL WORKERS, SPOUSE, SPOUSES, STATE BUDGET, STATE TREASURY, TAX BASE, TOTAL EXPENDITURE, TOTAL EXPENDITURES, TOTAL PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, TOTAL PUBLIC SPENDING, TRANSPORTATION, TREATY, UNCERTAINTY, UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES, USER FEES, VULNERABLE GROUPS, WAR, WOMAN, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, WORLD POPULATION