Development at the Border : Policies and National Integration in Cote d'Ivoire and its Neighbors
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Regression discontinuity designs applied
to a set of household surveys from the 1980-90s allow to
examine whether Cote d'Ivoire's aggregate wealth
was translated at the borders of neighboring countries. At
the border of Ghana and at the end of the 1980s, large
discontinuities are detected for consumption, child
stunting, and access to electricity and safe water. Border
discontinuities in consumption can be explained by
differences in cash crop policies (cocoa and coffee). When
these policies converged in the 1990s, the only differences
that persisted were those in rural facilities. In the North,
cash crop (cotton) income again made a difference for
consumption and nutrition (the case of Mali). On the one
hand, large differences in welfare can hold at the borders
dividing African countries despite their assumed porosity.
On the other hand, border discontinuities seem to reflect
the impact of reversible public policies rather than
intangible institutional traits.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY, AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION, ALLOCATION, BASE YEAR, CAPACITY BUILDING, CASH CROP, CASH CROP INCOME, CASH CROPS, CASH EXPENDITURE, CASH EXPENDITURES, CHILD NUTRITION, CITIZENS, CITIZENSHIP, CIVIL WAR, CLIMATE, COLONIALISM, COMMODITY, COMMODITY PRICE, CONSUMER PRICE, CONSUMER PRICE INDEX, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE, CONSUMPTION LEVELS, CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA, COTTON PRODUCTION, CROP PRODUCTION, CULTURAL CHANGE, CURRENCY, DEMOGRAPHIC, DEVALUATION, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DURABLE GOODS, ECONOMETRICS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC DATA, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC LIFE, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, ECONOMIC RESEARCH, ECONOMICS RESEARCH, ETHNIC GROUP, ETHNIC GROUPS, ETHNIC HETEROGENEITY, EXCHANGE RATE, EXCHANGE RATES, FARMERS, FOOD EXPENDITURES, FOOD PRODUCTION, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, HEALTH POLICIES, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD HEADS, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSING, HUMAN ACTIVITY, HUMAN CAPITAL, IMMIGRANTS, INCOME, INCOMES, INEQUALITY OF INCOME, INFLATION RATE, INSURANCE, INTANGIBLE, INTERNAL MIGRATION, INTERNAL MIGRATIONS, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, INTERNATIONAL BORDERS, INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, JOBS, LABOR SUPPLY, MACROECONOMIC LEVEL, MANDATES, MARKET DEMAND, MEAT, MIGRATION, MIGRATION FLOWS, MILK, MONETARY FUND, MOUNTAINOUS REGION, NATIONAL ACCOUNTS, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL POLICIES, NATIONALS, NUTRITION, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, OUTPUT PER CAPITA, PARASITIC DISEASES, PEACE, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POLITICAL TURMOIL, POPULATION DENSITY, PRICE LEVELS, PRICE POLICIES, PRODUCER PRICE, PRODUCTION AREA, PROGRESS, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC POLICIES, PURCHASING POWER, RADIO, RAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH, REGIONAL CITIES, REGIONAL CITY, REGIONAL PRICE, REGIONAL TRADE, REGIONAL TRADE INTEGRATION, RELATIVE PRICES, REMOTE RURAL AREAS, RESPECT, RETURNS TO SCALE, RURAL AREAS, RURAL VILLAGES, SAFE WATER, SCHOOL QUALITY, SHEEP, SPATIAL INEQUALITY, SPATIAL ORGANIZATION, STATE FAILURE, TAX, TOTAL CONSUMPTION, TRADE TAX, TRANSPORTATION, TREATIES, TREATY, TV, URBAN AREAS, URBANIZATION, VALUE OF OUTPUT, WARS, WEALTH, WHOLESALE MARKETS, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION