Output-Based Aid for Sustainable Sanitation
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Sanitation services are beneficial for
communities at large. They generate strong positive health
and environmental benefits to society
('externalities'). Public financing is an
important way to stimulate the provision of these services,
but there are serious issues with the way public subsidies
for sanitation have been delivered up to now. Recent
estimates show that the sanitation millennium development
goals (MDGs) will simply not be met in a number of countries
if 'business-as-usual' continues. The study looks
at how such Output-Based Aid (OBA) schemes might be designed
by analyzing the sanitation value-chain, and what
institutional, financing and risk mitigation measures would
be required for each type of OBA scheme. Questions discussed
include 'what' outputs should be subsidized and
'who' are the most likely candidates to provide
output-based sanitation services.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO SANITATION, ACCESS TO WATER, ACCESSIBILITY, ACCESSIBILITY CRITERIA, AQUACULTURE, AQUIFER, BASIC SANITATION, BENEFITS OF SANITATION, BIOGAS, BIOMASS, BLOCK GRANT, BUS, BUS STOPS, CAPITAL INVESTMENTS, CARTAGE, COMMUNITY SANITATION, COMMUNITY TOILET, COMMUNITY TOILETS, CONNECTION, CONNECTION COSTS, CONNECTION FEES, CONNECTIONS, CONVENTIONAL SEWERAGE, DEMAND FOR SANITATION, DRAINAGE, DRIVING, EFFICIENT OPERATION, EFFLUENTS, ELECTRICITY, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES, EXTENSION WORKERS, EXTERNALITIES, FECES, FINANCIAL RISKS, FUEL, HOUSEHOLD SANITATION, HUMAN EXCRETA, HYGIENE, INADEQUATE SANITATION, INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS, INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS, INSPECTION, LATRINE CONSTRUCTION, LATRINES, LEAKAGE, LOCAL WATER, MANHOLES, MONTHLY PAYMENTS, NATIONAL WATER, NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY, NUMBER OF CONNECTIONS, NUTRIENTS, PATHOGENS, PIPES, PIT LATRINE, PIT LATRINES, PITS, PUBLIC FACILITIES, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC SUBSIDIES, PUBLIC TOILET, PUBLIC TOILETS, PUBLIC UTILITY, QUALITY OF WATER, QUANTITIES OF WATER, RAILWAY, RAILWAY STATIONS, ROAD, RUBBISH, RURAL SANITATION, SAFE DISPOSAL, SAFE DRINKING, SAFE DRINKING WATER, SANITATION, SANITATION ACCESS, SANITATION ACTIVITIES, SANITATION COVERAGE, SANITATION FACILITIES, SANITATION FACILITY, SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE, SANITATION INTERVENTIONS, SANITATION MARKET, SANITATION PROGRAM, SANITATION PROGRAMS, SANITATION PROJECTS, SANITATION SCHEMES, SANITATION SECTOR, SANITATION SERVICE, SANITATION SERVICES, SANITATION SOLUTIONS, SANITATION SYSTEM, SANITATION SYSTEMS, SANITATION TAX, SCHOOL SANITATION, SEPTIC TANKS, SEWAGE, SEWAGE COLLECTION, SEWAGE TREATMENT, SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT, SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS, SEWER CONNECTION, SEWER NETWORKS, SEWERAGE, SEWERAGE CONNECTIONS, SEWERAGE NETWORKS, SEWERAGE SERVICES, SEWERAGE SYSTEMS, SEWERAGE TARIFF, SEWERAGE TARIFFS, SEWERS, SITE SANITATION, SLUDGE, SMALL-SCALE SERVICE PROVIDERS, SOLID WASTE, TARIFF REFORM, TOILET, TOILET BLOCKS, TOILET FACILITIES, TOTAL SANITATION, TRANSFER STATIONS, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT COSTS, TREATMENT FACILITIES, TREATMENT PLANT, URBAN AREA, URBAN AREAS, URBAN HOUSING, URBAN SANITATION, URBAN SETTLEMENTS, URBAN SLUMS, USE OF WATER, USERS, UTILITIES, VEHICLE, VOLUMES OF WASTEWATER, WASTE, WASTE STREAMS, WASTES, WASTEWATER REUSE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS, WATER AGENCY, WATER QUALITY, WATER RESOURCES, WATER SERVICE, WATER SUPPLIES, WATER SUPPLY, WATER UTILITIES, WATER UTILITY, WELLS