Environmental Health Costs in Colombia : The Changes from 2002 to 2010
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Despite considerable progress in the
area of environmental management over the last decade,
Colombia still faces significant impacts from population
exposure to urban air pollution, inadequate access to water
supply and sanitation, and indoor air pollution from solid
fuel use. This study estimates that the total health cost
attributable to these three factors amounts to about 10.2
trillion Colombian Pesos (COP) annually, or about 2 percent
of GDP in 2010. In terms of mortality, about 7,600 annual
premature deaths can be attributed to these environmental
factors. This study updates some of the estimates of
environmental health costs reported in the 2005 Colombia
Country Environmental Analysis environmental priorities and
poverty reduction . Specific policy recommendations and
targeted interventions can be derived from future analysis
of environmental health costs at subnational level,
cost-benefit analysis of specific policy interventions, and
an analysis of the burden of health costs disaggregated by
population groups and poverty levels. Disaggregated
statistics on health outcomes, fuel use, and access to
infrastructure services, epidemiological studies, and air
quality models (urban and industrial areas) are required for
such analysis. Disaggregated assessments and cost benefit
analysis, recommended for future studies, will facilitate an
evaluation of policy and investment outcomes in terms of
their impacts on the most vulnerable groups and the extent
to which they are well targeted and benefit the poor.
Palabras clave
ADULT MORTALITY, AGED, AIR POLLUTANT, AIR POLLUTANTS, AIR POLLUTION, AIR POLLUTION CONTROL, AIR QUALITY, AIR QUALITY MONITORING, AIR QUALITY STANDARDS, ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES, BIODIVERSITY, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, BURDEN OF DISEASE, BUS, CANCER, CAR, CARBON EMISSION, CARBON MONOXIDE, CENTER FOR HEALTH, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD MORBIDITY, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILD MORTALITY RATE, CHRONIC BRONCHITIS, CHRONIC MALNUTRITION, CITIES, CLEAN AIR, CLIMATE CHANGE, COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS, CYCLE OF POVERTY, DEATHS AMONG CHILDREN, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT GOALS, DIESEL, DIESEL FUEL, DIESEL FUEL QUALITY, DISABILITY, DISASTERS, DISSEMINATION, DRINKING WATER, EARLY CHILDHOOD, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECOSYSTEM, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, ELDERLY, EMISSION REDUCTION, EMISSION REDUCTIONS, EMISSIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL OUTCOMES, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES, ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, EXCESS MORTALITY, EXPENDITURES, EXPOSURE TO POLLUTION, FEWER CHILDREN, FUEL USE, FUELS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HEALTH BURDEN, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CONDITIONS, HEALTH COST, HEALTH COSTS, HEALTH DAMAGES, HEALTH EFFECTS, HEALTH IMPACT, HEALTH IMPACTS, HEALTH INDICATORS, HEALTH INFORMATION, HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH POLICY, HEALTH PROBLEMS, HEALTH RISKS, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SYSTEMS, HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS, HIV, HOSPITAL, HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS, HOSPITALIZATION, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HYGIENE, ILLNESS, ILLNESSES, INCOME, INDOOR AIR, INDOOR AIR POLLUTION, INFANTS, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, INFORMATION SYSTEM, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INTEGRATION, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, INTERVENTION, LAND USE, LEGAL STATUS, LEVELS OF MORTALITY, LIVE BIRTHS, LOCAL AIR QUALITY, LOCAL COMMUNITIES, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, MALARIA, MALNOURISHED CHILDREN, MEASLES, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, MORTALITY RATE, MORTALITY RISK, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATURAL DISASTERS, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, NATURAL RESOURCES, NITROGEN OXIDES, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, NUMBER OF DEATHS, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, NUTRITION, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY, OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION, OZONE, PARASITIC DISEASES, PARTICULATE MATTER, PATIENT, PATIENTS, PEAK HOURS, PETROLEUM GAS, POINT SOURCES, POINT SOURCES OF POLLUTION, POLICY DIALOGUE, POLICY MAKERS, POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS, POLLUTION, POPULATION DATA, POPULATION GROUPS, POPULATION GROWTH, PPM, PRACTITIONERS, PREGNANCY, PREMATURE DEATHS, PREMATURE MORTALITY, PRIVATE DOCTORS, PROGRESS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY, PUBLIC TRANSPORT, PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, QUALITY IMPROVEMENT, RAPID TRANSIT, RATES OF URBANIZATION, REDUCTION OF MORTALITY, REHABILITATION, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RESPIRATORY DISEASES, RESPIRATORY ILLNESS, RESPIRATORY ILLNESSES, RISK FACTORS, RISK OF DEATH, RISK OF ILLNESS, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POPULATION, SAFE DRINKING WATER, SANITATION, SANITATION FACILITIES, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SEWAGE, SULFUR CONTENT, SURFACE WATER, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM, TRUE, UNDER FIVE MORTALITY, URBAN AIR POLLUTION, URBAN AREA, URBAN AREAS, URBAN CENTERS, URBAN POLLUTION, URBAN POPULATION, URBAN TRANSPORTATION, VEHICLE, VEHICLE FLEET, VEHICLES, VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, VULNERABILITY, VULNERABLE GROUPS, WATER QUALITY, WATER RESOURCES, WATER SUPPLY, WEALTH, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION