Introduction of tilapia species and constraints to tilapia farming in Fiji
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Tilapia species have been periodically introduced in Fiji since 1949. The main reason for the introduction was to provide animal protein feed to piggeries. In later years, the idea of utilizing Tilapia species for human consumption took root and for the last 10 years Oreochromis niloticus has been the species of choice for aquaculture purposes. Since 1983 fish ponds were constructed in the interior areas of Viti Levu and Vanua Levu for the purpose of providing supplemental animal protein to the protein-deficient inland rural communities. Uncontrolled introduction, accidental or intentional release of Tilapia species in rivers and streams, has led to genetic contamination through free cross-breeding of wild dwelling populations during flooding with the broodstock kept in the hatchery for breeding purposes. Probably due to genetic contamination, the performance of the broodstock deteriorated resulting in poor quality fry. Hatchery-reared fry, once stocked for grow-out in village pond s, reproduced early and the growth rate was low. Appropriate feed composition and preparation represent a constraint for improving yields. In addition, feed components are irregularly available and their cost high due to competition with other animal husbandry practices. Additional constraints to fish farming development are identified in the lack of trained manpower, land tenure and financing initial costs in the country.