Integrating environmental DNA-based approaches into fisheries monitoring and sustainable practices
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Reliable ecological and biological data are crucial to understanding marine ecosystems and informing effective fisheries management. However, traditional sampling approaches are often invasive and can leave critical gaps in knowledge, limiting the comprehensive understanding of ecosystem structure and function. In the Mediterranean and Black Sea region, there is an increasing need for monitoring methods that enhance data quality while minimizing ecological impacts. Environmental DNA (eDNA)-based approaches offer a compelling response to these challenges. By detecting genetic material in water, sediments and other substrates, eDNA-based approaches enable the identification of species and communities without direct observation or capture. Among emerging methods, the metaprobe – a three-dimensionally printed, hollow, perforated sphere containing sterile gauze to passively adsorb eDNA from the surrounding environment – is a notable innovation. When deployed on fishing gear, it enables the collection of genetic material from the surrounding environment and the characterization of local biodiversity. This manual provides a focused and practical overview of eDNA-based approaches, with particular emphasis on metaprobes. It outlines the complete workflow for eDNA metabarcoding during fishing activities and reviews emerging applications. Designed to support implementation in real-world settings, the manual also includes clear step-by-step protocols for deploying a metaprobe in the field.