Factory Southern Africa?

Farole, Thomas

Factory Southern Africa?

Autores

Farole, Thomas

Editor

World Bank, Washington, DC

Descripción

Once concentrated among a few large economies, global flows of goods, services, and capital now reach an ever-larger number of countries worldwide. Global trade in goods and in services both increased 10 times between 1980 and 2011, while foreign direct investment (FDI) flows increased almost 30-fold. A value chain is global when some of these stages are carried out in more than one country, most notably when discrete tasks within a production process are fragmented and dispersed across a number of countries. Southern African Customs Union (SACU) - region global value chains (GVCs) are both a new reality and significant opportunity for expanding non-commodity exports to support growth, diversification, and job creation in the region. The task-based nature of GVCs creates opportunities for developing countries to establish very quickly a position in global trade within a sector in which they may have had no previous experience. For South Africa, GVCs are seen as a route to higher manufacturing exports and greater value addition. For other SACU countries, GVCs are seen as a route to diversification and global integration, and to leverage the possibility of greater investment from South Africa itself. The main objectives of the study are as follows: (i) to understand trends of GVC participation and competitiveness of South Africa and the wider SACU region, the outcomes from this participation (exports, jobs, and productivity), and the factors that determine competitiveness; (ii) to map the extent of value chain integration across the region and identify barriers to deeper integration; and (iii) to identify policies and actions that will be required to develop a globally competitive, high value-adding factory Southern Africa.

Palabras clave

TARIFFS, SURCHARGES, CAPITAL MARKETS, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, CURRENCY APPRECIATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, PRODUCTION, POLICY ENVIRONMENT, LAGS, STRUCTURAL CHANGE, INCOME, INTEREST, EXPECTATIONS, RESEARCH AGENDA, TRADE BARRIERS, PRODUCERS, PROPERTY RIGHTS, POLITICAL ECONOMIES, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, GDP PER CAPITA, LABOR FORCE, EXPORTS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, REVENUES, WELFARE, INCENTIVES, DISTRIBUTION, CAPACITY BUILDING, EQUILIBRIUM, VARIABLES, PRICING, AUTOMOTIVE BATTERIES, BENCHMARKS, INPUTS, ITC, WEALTH, PROTECTIONISM, FREE TRADE, SURPLUS LABOR, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, TRENDS, ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, DEVELOPMENT, SMALL BUSINESS, EQUITY CAPITAL, INFLUENCE, TRADE BALANCE, EXPLOITATION, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, COSTS, LABOR COSTS, EXPORT GROWTH, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, NATURAL CAPITAL, TRADE BLOCS, ECONOMIC COOPERATION, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, FIXED COSTS, PRODUCTIVITY, OPTIONS, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, INDUSTRIALIZATION, MONOPOLY, FAILURES, AGGREGATE ANALYSIS, QUOTAS, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS, MARKETS, WTO, FORESTRY, ECONOMIC CHANGE, TRADE POLICY, NATURAL RESOURCES, AVERAGING, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, METALS, INVENTORY, SUBSIDIES, TRADE POLICIES, EFFICIENCY, ECONOMIC RESEARCH, EFFECTIVE USE, VALUE–ADDED, RESOURCES, EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS, UNEMPLOYMENT, EQUITY, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, HUMAN CAPITAL, VALUE ADDED, CAPITAL, WAGES, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, VALUES, COMPETITION POLICY, FINANCIAL CRISIS, VALUE, POLICY MAKERS, COMPETITIVENESS, CREDIT, QUALITY STANDARDS, TRADE DEFICIT, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES, DEMAND, NATIONAL INCOME, PRICE CHANGES, INTERMEDIATE GOODS, ECONOMY, AGRICULTURE, CONSUMERS, ENVIRONMENTS, EXPENDITURES, PROPERTY, ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE, MEASUREMENT, TRANSACTION COSTS, ENVIRONMENT, CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, ECONOMICS, REGULATORY REGIMES, EMPIRICAL RESEARCH, MARKET COMPETITION, FISHERIES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, TRADE, ECONOMIC INTEGRATION, GDP, GOODS, LAND, THEORY, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES, COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS, GROWTH RATE, BILATERAL TRADE, INVESTMENT, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, TRANSACTIONS COSTS, SUPPLY, REVENUE, NATIONAL INCOME ACCOUNTING, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, UNDERESTIMATES, TOTAL OUTPUT, ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, INTERMEDIATE INPUTS, PROFITS, ECONOMICS RESEARCH, ENVIRONMENTAL, COST SAVINGS, LABOR MARKETS, OUTCOMES, STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT, PRICES, PRODUCTION COSTS, BENEFITS, ECONOMIES, PRODUCTION PROCESSES, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, PUBLIC GOODS, COMPETITION