Politics and Preschool : The Political Economy of Investment in Pre-Primary Education

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dc.creatorKosec, Katrina
dc.date2012-03-19T18:01:59Z
dc.date2012-03-19T18:01:59Z
dc.date2011-05-01
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:10:57Z
dc.descriptionWhat drives governments with similar revenues to publicly provide very different amounts of goods for which private substitutes are available? Key examples are education and health care. This paper compares spending by Brazilian municipalities on pre-primary education -- a good that is also provided privately -- with spending on public infrastructure like parks and roads, which lacks private substitutes. Panel data from 1995-2008 reveal how the distribution of income affects public investment. Revenue is endogenous to investment outcomes, and the analysis addresses this problem by exploiting a 1998, nationwide education finance reform and several revisions to the policy. The author constructs a variable that captures exogenous variation in revenue generated by nonlinearities of the law to instrument for observed revenue. Municipalities with higher median income and more inequality are less likely to allocate revenue to education or to expand pre-primary enrollment. They are more likely to allocate revenue to public infrastructure. There is suggestive evidence that this occurs for two reasons, hypothesized in two separate literatures. In rich and unequal municipalities, fewer total people support public education spending (the collective choice channel), and also, any given poor person wanting public education has less influence over policymakers there (the political power channel).
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dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110502113258
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/3411
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-5647
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/415890
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relationPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5647
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectACCESS TO SERVICES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectBASIC EDUCATION
dc.subjectBASIC EDUCATION INVESTMENT
dc.subjectBENEFITS OF INVESTMENT
dc.subjectBRIBES
dc.subjectCHILD CARE
dc.subjectCITIES
dc.subjectCLASS SIZE
dc.subjectDATA ON STUDENTS
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS
dc.subjectEARNINGS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC POLICY
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectEDUCATION EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectEDUCATION FINANCE
dc.subjectEDUCATION FUND
dc.subjectEDUCATION FUNDS
dc.subjectEDUCATION SECTOR
dc.subjectEDUCATION STANDARDS
dc.subjectEDUCATION SYSTEM
dc.subjectELECTRICITY
dc.subjectELEMENTARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectENROLLMENT RATE
dc.subjectENROLLMENT RATES
dc.subjectEQUAL ACCESS
dc.subjectEQUALIZATION
dc.subjectETHNIC GROUPS
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectEXCLUSION
dc.subjectFELLOWSHIP
dc.subjectFINANCES
dc.subjectFISCAL FEDERALISM
dc.subjectFORMAL SCHOOLING
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGRADE LEVELS
dc.subjectHEAD START
dc.subjectHIGHER ENROLLMENT
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectINEQUALITY
dc.subjectINTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFERS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectINTERVENTIONS
dc.subjectINVESTMENT DECISIONS
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectLOCAL GOVERNMENT
dc.subjectLOCAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectLOCAL GOVERNMENTS
dc.subjectLOCAL TAXES
dc.subjectMAYORS
dc.subjectMEDIAN VOTER MODEL
dc.subjectMUNICIPAL ELECTIONS
dc.subjectMUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
dc.subjectMUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS
dc.subjectMUNICIPALITIES
dc.subjectMUNICIPALITY
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPOLITICAL POWER
dc.subjectPOOR ACCESS
dc.subjectPREPRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectPRESCHOOL CHILDREN
dc.subjectPRESCHOOL EDUCATION
dc.subjectPRESCHOOL ENROLLMENT
dc.subjectPRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectPRIMARY EDUCATION QUALITY
dc.subjectPRIMARY ENROLLMENT
dc.subjectPRIMARY ENROLLMENT RATE
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOL AGE
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOL CHILD
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOLS
dc.subjectPRIMARY STUDENTS
dc.subjectPRIMARY TEACHER
dc.subjectPRIMARY TEACHERS
dc.subjectPRIVATE EDUCATION
dc.subjectPRIVATE SCHOOL
dc.subjectPRIVATE SCHOOLING
dc.subjectPRIVATE SCHOOLS
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subjectPUBLIC
dc.subjectPUBLIC EDUCATION
dc.subjectPUBLIC EDUCATION SPENDING
dc.subjectPUBLIC EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectPUBLIC FINANCE
dc.subjectPUBLIC FUNDS
dc.subjectPUBLIC GOODS
dc.subjectPUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectPUBLIC INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectPUBLIC INVESTMENT
dc.subjectPUBLIC OFFICIALS
dc.subjectPUBLIC POLICY
dc.subjectPUBLIC PROVISION
dc.subjectPUBLIC RESOURCES
dc.subjectPUBLIC SCHOOL
dc.subjectPUBLIC SCHOOLS
dc.subjectPUBLIC SECTOR
dc.subjectPUBLIC SECTOR COUNTERPARTS
dc.subjectPUBLIC SPENDING
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSIT
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER
dc.subjectRECEIPTS
dc.subjectREVENUE TRANSFERS
dc.subjectROADS
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectSCHOOL ATTENDANCE
dc.subjectSCHOOL BUILDING
dc.subjectSCHOOL DISTRICTS
dc.subjectSCHOOL FACILITY
dc.subjectSCHOOL FINANCE
dc.subjectSCHOOL QUALITY
dc.subjectSCHOOL TUITION
dc.subjectSCHOOLING QUALITY
dc.subjectSOCIAL WELFARE
dc.subjectSTATE GOVERNMENT
dc.subjectSTATE GOVERNMENTS
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTAX COLLECTION
dc.subjectTAX REVENUE
dc.subjectTEACHERS
dc.subjectTRANSPARENCY
dc.subjectTREASURY
dc.subjectUNION
dc.subjectUNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectURBAN POOR
dc.subjectURBANIZATION
dc.subjectVILLAGE
dc.subjectVILLAGES
dc.subjectVOTERS
dc.titlePolitics and Preschool : The Political Economy of Investment in Pre-Primary Education

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