Reproductive Health in the Middle East and North Africa : Well-Being for All
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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This reproductive health review of the
Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region provides an
overview of the issues and establishes a base of knowledge
upon which a strategy could be constructed. Despite
achievements in the population and health sectors during the
last decades, several reproductive health issues remain,
while new challenges have emerged. Major reproductive health
issues in the region include high maternal mortality,
particularly in Yemen, Morocco, Egypt, and Iraq; high
fertility and slowing fertility decline; early marriage and
high teenage fertility; the increasing prevalence of
sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS; and female
genital cutting in Egypt and Yemen. There is a correlation
between reproductive health issues, a country's level
of social development, and the size of gaps within a
country; between men and women, urban and rural, rich and
poor. Therefore, it is necessary to plan and implement
programs targeted to specific issues and underprivileged
groups; develop effective and sustainable health systems
with high-quality services; raise awareness and change
behaviors of both the public and policymakers; and empower
women. Strong political commitment is essential to
overcoming social and cultural constraints. Possible
intervention components and possible roles of the World Bank
are suggested.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO QUALITY SERVICES, ADOLESCENT, ADOLESCENT FERTILITY, ADOLESCENT FERTILITY RATES, ADOLESCENT GIRLS, ADOLESCENT HEALTH, ADOLESCENT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, AGE OF MARRIAGE, AGRICULTURE, BABIES, BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS, BIRTH SPACING, BIRTHS, BREAST CANCER, BREASTFEEDING, BURDEN OF DISEASE, CANCERS, CHILD DEVELOPMENT, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILDBIRTH, CLIMATE, COMMUNITY HEALTH, COMPLICATIONS OF PREGNANCY, CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS, CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE, COUNSELING, DISEASE CONTROL, DISEASES, DRUG USE, DRUGS, EARLY MARRIAGE, EDUCATION, EDUCATION, EQUIPMENT, FAMILIES, FAMILY PLANNING, FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS, FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES, FERTILITY DECLINE, FERTILITY RATES, GENDER, GIRLS, GLUCOSE, HEALTH, HEALTH, HEALTH EXPENDITURE, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH INDICATORS, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH PROFESSIONALS, HEALTH RISKS, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SYSTEM, HEALTH SYSTEMS, HIGH FERTILITY, HIGH-RISK, HOSPITALS, HUMAN FERTILITY, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS, HUMAN REPRODUCTION, HUMAN RIGHT, HUMAN SEXUALITY, HYPERTENSION, ILL HEALTH, IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME, IMMUNODEFICIENCY, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, INFANT MORTALITY RATES, INFANTS, INFECTION PREVENTION, INFECTIONS, INFERTILITY, INTERVENTION, INTRAUTERINE DEVICE, IODINE DEFICIENCY, LAWS, MATERNAL DEATH, MATERNAL DEATHS, MATERNAL HEALTH, MATERNAL HEALTH INDICATORS, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO, MEDICAL CARE, MODERN CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY RATE, NUTRITION, NUTRITION, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, OBESITY, OBSTETRIC CARE, OVARIAN CANCER, PARENTHOOD FEDERATION, PARENTS, PARTNERSHIP, PEER REVIEW, POPULATION GROWTH, POSTNATAL CARE, POSTPARTUM CARE, POSTPARTUM PERIOD, PREGNANCIES, PREGNANCY, PREGNANT WOMEN, PRENATAL CARE, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, PRIVATE SECTOR, PUBLIC HEALTH, QUALITY CONTROL, QUALITY OF LIFE, REFUGEES, REPRODUCTIVE AGE, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH APPROACH, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH INFORMATION, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROBLEMS, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROGRAMS, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH STATUS, REPRODUCTIVE MORBIDITY, REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS, REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM, REPRODUCTIVE TRACT, REPRODUCTIVE TRACT INFECTION, REPRODUCTIVE TRACT INFECTIONS, RISK BEHAVIORS, SAFE DELIVERY, SAFE MOTHERHOOD, SEXUAL HEALTH, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, STD, STIS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE FINANCING, SYPHILIS, TEENAGE FERTILITY, TEENAGE MOTHERS, TOT, TOTAL FERTILITY RATE, UNSAFE ABORTION, USE OF CONTRACEPTION, USE OF CONTRACEPTIVES, VIOLENCE