Costa Rica : Social Spending and the Poor, Volume 2. Social Sector Performance in the 90's - Facing the Challenges
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Washington, DC
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The report reviews the substantial
progress Costa Rica made over the past decade in reducing
poverty and improving social indicators. However, while
economic growth certainly reduced poverty rates, the
country's recent experience shows that relying on
economic growth and increased public spending alone will not
necessarily yield sufficient reductions in poverty.
Moreover, the rising concern that fiscal pressure will limit
possibilities of increasing social spending suggests further
efficiency in the sector. Even though coverage of education
and health remains almost universal in basic education, and
so is access to healthcare services, worrying signs in
social sector indicators suggest a decline in the efficiency
of social spending. The report addresses three key issues,
namely, a) Who are the poor and vulnerable groups in Costa
Rica? b) What has been the impact of social spending on
programs that aim to improve the welfare of the poor? and c)
Which are the improvements required, and how can government
spending be used more effectively to reach the poor and
reduce poverty? In response to these questions, the report
presents an in-depth, multi-dimensional analysis of poverty,
examines the effectiveness of government policies, and
social sector spending on the poor, and, uses the empirical
findings to identify options and priorities for improving
social sector spending and reducing poverty in the future.
Recommendations emphasize improving the institutional
framework, coordinating the implementation of social
programs, as well as increasing flexibility in programs so
as to be more responsive to the needs of the poor.
Palabras clave
ADOLESCENTS, ADVERSE SELECTION, AGE GROUPS, BASIC EDUCATION, CHILD DEVELOPMENT, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, CURRENCY UNIT, CURRICULUM, DATA AVAILABILITY, DATA QUALITY, DECENTRALIZATION, DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, DISEASES, DISTANCE EDUCATION, DROPOUT RATES, EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EDUCATION, EDUCATION EXPENDITURES, EDUCATION LEVEL, EDUCATION POLICIES, EDUCATION PROGRAMS, EDUCATION SECTOR, ENROLLMENT, EXCHANGE RATE, EXCLUSION ERRORS, EXPENDITURE REVIEW, EXPENDITURES, FAMILY PLANNING, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY, FIRST GRADE, GENDER, GENERAL PRACTITIONERS, GROSS ENROLLMENT, GROSS ENROLLMENT RATES, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH EDUCATION, HEALTH EXPENDITURES, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH NEEDS, HEALTH PROGRAMS, HEALTH PROVIDERS, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SERVICE, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH STATUS, HEALTH STATUS INDICATORS, HOSPITALS, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSING, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, ILLITERACY, IMPROVED ACCESS, INCOME, INCOME COUNTRIES, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME LEVEL, INCOME QUINTILES, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANT NUTRITION, INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INSURANCE, LABOR MARKET, LEARNING, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIVING CONDITIONS, LONG TERM, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, MEDICAL CARE, MEDICAL SERVICES, MONITORING SYSTEM, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, NATIONAL LEVEL, NUTRITION, NUTRITION PROGRAMS, PATIENTS, PENSION SYSTEM, PHYSICIANS, POLICY INSTRUMENTS, POLICY MEASURES, POLICY OPTIONS, POOR PEOPLE, POVERTY LEVEL, POVERTY LEVELS, POVERTY PROFILE, PREGNANCY, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION, PRIORITY AREAS, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SECTORS, PROGRESS, PUBLIC EDUCATION, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS, PUBLIC POLICIES, PUBLIC SECTOR, PUBLIC SERVICES, REAL TERMS, REDUCING POVERTY, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RISK GROUPS, RURAL AREAS, SCHOOL DROPOUTS, SCHOOL GRADUATES, SCHOOLS, SERVICE QUALITY, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS, SOCIAL CONTEXT, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL EXPENDITURES, SOCIAL INDICATORS, SOCIAL POLICY, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL PROTECTION PROGRAMS, SOCIAL SECTORS, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SERVICES, STRUCTURAL REFORMS, TEACHER TRAINING, TEACHERS, TEACHING, TECHNICAL SUPPORT, TIME FRAME, VULNERABLE GROUPS, WASTE, WORKERS, YOUTH SOCIAL SECTOR INVESTMENT, PUBLIC SPENDING, EDUCATIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY, BASIC EDUCATION, HEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, POVERTY INCIDENCE, FISCAL PRESSURES, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS, VULNERABLE GROUPS, TARGETED ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, WELFARE ECONOMICS, POVERTY ANALYSIS, POLICY FRAMEWORK, INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK