Generating Public Sector Resources to Finance Sustainable Development : Revenue and Incentive Effects
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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The paper discusses how developing
countries can generate some of the resources they need for
sustainable development. Developing country government
already spend significant amounts of resources on a variety
of activities, but the evidence suggests that sometimes,
there is substantial scope for them to generate additional
resources, and most importantly perhaps, to free substantial
amounts of resources which are currently being used
inefficiently. The paper attempts at setting the scope on
the magnitude of resources that might be generated, or freed
by a variety of public sector actions. It begins by
examining the potential to reform existing policies which
are not only costly, but often unsustainable, and
environmentally damaging. Then, it reviews means for
generating new financial flows, capturing greater share of
rents from natural resources, and instituting
"green" levies. Lessons suggest as a potential
source of additional revenues, the reform of subsidies,
making sub-sectors financially sustainable, reforms which in
turn reduce environmental damage, but considering reform
policies that would not inadvertently harm the poor. This
requires political will, good governance, capacity building,
and investment.
Palabras clave
ENVIRONMENTALLY DAMAGING SUBSIDIES, ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, PUBLIC RESOURCES, PUBLIC SPENDING, REVENUE MOBILIZATION, INCENTIVES, REFORM POLICY, FINANCIAL FLOWS, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, SHARED NATURAL RESOURCES, POVERTY REDUCTION, POLITICAL POWER, GOVERNANCE APPROACH, CAPACITY BUILDING, INVESTMENT POLICY AGRICULTURE, BENCHMARK, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, CAPACITY BUILDING, CARBON, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON TAXES, CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM, CLEAN WATER, COAL, COAL, COAL PRICES, CONSUMERS, CONTINGENT VALUATION, CONTINGENT VALUATION METHOD, DEBT, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE, EARTH SUMMIT, ECOLOGY, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, ELECTRICITY SECTOR, END-USE, ENERGY PRODUCERS, ENERGY RESOURCES, ENERGY USE, ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION, ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS, ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL PRESSURES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL TAXES, EXCHANGE RATE, FOREST MANAGEMENT, FORESTRY, FOSSIL FUELS, FUEL, FUEL OIL, GAS INDUSTRIES, GDP, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HEAVY FUEL OIL, IMPLICIT SUBSIDIES, INCENTIVE EFFECTS, INCOME, INEFFICIENCY, INPUT USE, INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY, LEVIES, LICENSES, LOW TARIFFS, MARGINAL COST, MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE, NATURAL GAS, NATURAL RESOURCES, OIL, OIL, OIL SECTOR, OPPORTUNITY COST, PETROLEUM GAS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, POLICY INSTRUMENTS, POLLUTION, PRICE ELASTICITY, PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRODUCERS, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, PUBLIC FINANCE, PUBLIC SECTOR, PUBLIC UTILITIES, REFORM PROGRAMS, RESOURCE USE, ROAD TRANSPORT, SAVINGS, SECURITY OF ENERGY SUPPLY, SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, SULPHUR DIOXIDE, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TAX, TAX REVENUES, TAXATION, TIMBER, TRAVEL COST METHOD, UTILITIES, VALUE ADDED, WASTE MANAGEMENT, WATER PRICES, WELFARE ECONOMICS, WELFARE LOSSES, WILLINGNESS TO PAY, WORLD ENERGY, WTP