Anthrax outbreaks: a warning for heightened awareness
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An outbreak of anthrax has recently been reported in reindeer in Yamal-Nenets autonomous district of the Russian Federation, with over 2,600 animals reported infected, and with human cases resulting from exposure to the infected animals. Prior to this event, there had been no anthrax outbreaks reported in the affected region since 1941. This outbreak is one of several that have been recently reported in various countries or regions without a recent history of anthrax, and is thought to be the re sult of abnormally high temperatures causing the permafrost to thaw, and anthrax spores being shifted to upper soil layers. Countries with a prior history of anthrax in wildlife or livestock need to be aware of the potential for anthrax re-emergence, particularly when weather conditions such as the onset or end of wet seasons may promote the potential for outbreaks in animals and in humans.