Increasing Access to Rural Finance in Bangladesh : The Forgotten "Missing Middle"
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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Increasing access to rural finance is
often the last frontier for financial sector development in
developing countries. Financial institutions aiming to
operate in rural areas in these countries usually have to
deal with high transaction costs, low population densities,
remote areas, and a heavy focus on agriculture, with related
weather and commodity risks. Although Bangladesh is highly
vulnerable to natural disasters, its high population density
lowers transaction costs considerably. This report seeks to:
measure the quantity and quality of access to finance by
rural micro, small, and medium-size enterprises (MSMEs) and
marginal, small, and medium-size farmesr (MSMFs). In
Bangladesh these are also referred to as the missing middle
-- a segment not served by banks or microfinance
institutions (MFIs). The report also identifies constraints
that financial institutions face in serving MSMEs and MSMFs.
The institutions analyzed in detail include, Bangladesh
Krishi Bank (BKB), Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank (RAKUB),
MFIs, private banks, and insurance companies. These
institutions have been selected because they are among the
largest providers of finance to the missing middle.
Moreover, given their size, they have a considerable impact
on the current dysfunction of rural financial markets. The
report finally develops a realistic strategy and options for
sustainably increasing access to finance for the missing middle.
Palabras clave
ACCESS INDICATORS, ACCESS TO CREDIT, ACCESS TO FINANCE, ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES, ACCESS TO FORMAL CREDIT, ACCESS TO INSURANCE, ACCESS TO RURAL FINANCE, ACCOUNTING, ACCOUNTING STANDARDS, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES, AGRICULTURAL CREDIT, APPLICATION PROCESS, APPLICATION PROCESSES, AUDITING, AUDITORS, BALANCE SHEET, BALANCE SHEETS, BANK ASSETS, BANK BRANCH, BANK BRANCHES, BANK CHARGES, BANK CREDIT, BANK DEPOSITS, MICROFINANCE, MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION, MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS, MICROFINANCE LENDING, MINORITY SHAREHOLDERS, MOVABLE COLLATERAL, NATURAL DISASTERS, NONPERFORMING LOANS, OPERATING COSTS, OPERATING EXPENSES, OPERATING LOSSES, OUTSTANDING LOANS, PRIVATE BANKS, PRIVATE COMMERCIAL BANKS, PRIVATE CREDIT, PRIVATE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, PROFIT MARGINS, PROFITABILITY, PROFITABILITY MEASURES, RECAPITALIZATION, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, REMITTANCES, REPAYMENT, REPAYMENT CAPACITY, REPAYMENTS, RETAIL BUSINESS, RETAINED EARNINGS, RETURN ON EQUITY, RETURNS, REVOLVING LOAN, RISK MANAGEMENT, RURAL ACCESS, RURAL BANK, RURAL BANK BRANCH, RURAL BANKING, RURAL BANKS, RURAL BRANCH, RURAL BRANCHES, RURAL CREDIT, RURAL FINANCIAL SERVICES, RURAL LOAN, RURAL LOANS, SAVINGS, SECURITY INTERESTS, SMALL BUSINESS, SMALL BUSINESS LENDING, SMALL BUSINESSES, SMALL ENTERPRISE, SMALL ENTERPRISES, SMALL FARMERS, SMALL LOANS, SOURCES OF CREDIT, SOURCES OF FINANCE, STATE BANKS, SUBSIDIARY, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TERMS OF LOAN, TRANSACTION, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSPORT, URBAN AREAS, VOLATILE INCOMES, WORKING CAPITAL