Would Freeing Up World Trade Reduce Poverty and Inequality? The Vexed Role of Agricultural Distortions

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dc.creatorCockburn, John
dc.creatorAnderson, Kym
dc.creatorMartin, Will
dc.date2012-03-19T18:01:12Z
dc.date2012-03-19T18:01:12Z
dc.date2011-03-01
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T00:37:29Z
dc.descriptionTrade policy reforms in recent decades have sharply reduced the distortions that were harming agriculture in developing countries, yet global trade in farm products continues to be far more distorted than trade in nonfarm goods. Those distortions reduce some forms of poverty and inequality but worsen others, so the net effects are unclear without empirical modeling. This paper summarizes a series of new economy-wide global and national empirical studies that focus on the net effects of the remaining distortions to world merchandise trade on poverty and inequality globally and in various developing countries. The global LINKAGE model results suggest that removing those remaining distortions would reduce international inequality, largely by boosting net farm incomes and raising real wages for unskilled workers in developing countries, and would reduce the number of poor people worldwide by 3 percent. The analysis based on the Global Trade Analysis Project model for a sample of 15 countries, and nine stand-alone national case studies, all point to larger reductions in poverty, especially if only the non-poor are subjected to increased income taxation to compensate for the loss of trade tax revenue.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110321092321
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/3369
dc.identifier10.1596/1813-9450-5603
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/407628
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relationPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5603
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectADVERSE EFFECT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL LAND
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL POLICY
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SECTOR
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL TRADE
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAVERAGE INCOME
dc.subjectAVERAGE INCOMES
dc.subjectBENCHMARK
dc.subjectBENCHMARK DATA
dc.subjectBENEFITS OF TRADE
dc.subjectCAPITAL OWNERS
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL FARMERS
dc.subjectCOMMODITY
dc.subjectCOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
dc.subjectCONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE
dc.subjectCONSUMER DEMAND
dc.subjectCONSUMER PRICE INDEX
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectCOST OF CAPITAL
dc.subjectCOUNTRY CASE
dc.subjectCOUNTRY INEQUALITY
dc.subjectCUSTOMS
dc.subjectCUSTOMS REVENUE
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectDEMAND CURVE
dc.subjectDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRY
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT GOALS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION OF INCOME
dc.subjectDIVIDEND
dc.subjectECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS
dc.subjectECONOMETRICS
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectECONOMIC INTEGRATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC POLICY
dc.subjectECONOMIC SIZE
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION
dc.subjectEMERGING ECONOMIES
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL STUDIES
dc.subjectEXPORT DEMAND
dc.subjectEXPORT PRICES
dc.subjectEXPORT TAXES
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectEXTERNAL TRADE
dc.subjectEXTREME POVERTY
dc.subjectEXTREMELY POOR PEOPLE
dc.subjectFACTOR PRICES
dc.subjectFARM HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectFARM INCOME
dc.subjectFARM INCOMES
dc.subjectFARM PRODUCTS
dc.subjectFARM WORK
dc.subjectFARM WORKERS
dc.subjectFARMERS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL CRISIS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INTEGRATION
dc.subjectFOOD MARKETS
dc.subjectFOOD PRICE
dc.subjectFOOD PRICES
dc.subjectFOREIGN CURRENCY
dc.subjectFOREIGN DEBT
dc.subjectFREE ACCESS
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGDP PER CAPITA
dc.subjectGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS
dc.subjectGINI COEFFICIENT
dc.subjectGLOBAL ECONOMIC PROSPECTS
dc.subjectGLOBAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectGLOBAL MARKETS
dc.subjectGLOBAL POVERTY
dc.subjectGLOBAL TRADE
dc.subjectGLOBALIZATION
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT BUDGETS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEY
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD WELFARE
dc.subjectIMPORT BARRIERS
dc.subjectIMPORT COMPETITION
dc.subjectIMPORT RESTRICTIONS
dc.subjectIMPORT TARIFFS
dc.subjectIMPORTS
dc.subjectINCIDENCE OF POVERTY
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectINCOME DYNAMICS
dc.subjectINCOME GAINS
dc.subjectINCOME INEQUALITY
dc.subjectINCOME TAX
dc.subjectINCOME TAXES
dc.subjectINCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectINCREASE GROWTH
dc.subjectINCREASE POVERTY
dc.subjectINDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES
dc.subjectINEQUALITY
dc.subjectINEQUALITY RESULTS
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL CAPITAL
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL CAPITAL FLOWS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLOW-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC POLICIES
dc.subjectMARKET ACCESS
dc.subjectMONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL TRADE
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL TRADE REFORM
dc.subjectNATIONAL ECONOMIES
dc.subjectNATIONAL MODELS
dc.subjectNATIONAL POVERTY
dc.subjectNON-POOR HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectNONFARM INCOME
dc.subjectPARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS
dc.subjectPARTICULAR COUNTRIES
dc.subjectPARTICULAR COUNTRY
dc.subjectPOLICY CHANGES
dc.subjectPOLICY IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY MEASURES
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY ANALYSIS
dc.subjectPOOR
dc.subjectPOOR HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectPOOR PEOPLE
dc.subjectPOVERTY ALLEVIATION
dc.subjectPOVERTY ANALYSIS
dc.subjectPOVERTY CHANGES
dc.subjectPOVERTY HEADCOUNT INDEX
dc.subjectPOVERTY IMPACT
dc.subjectPOVERTY INCREASES
dc.subjectPOVERTY LINE
dc.subjectPOVERTY LINES
dc.subjectPOVERTY RATE
dc.subjectPOVERTY RATES
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCING
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPRICE DISTORTION
dc.subjectPRICE DISTORTIONS
dc.subjectPRICE INCREASES
dc.subjectPRO-POOR
dc.subjectPRODUCT MARKETS
dc.subjectPROTECTIONIST
dc.subjectRAPID GROWTH
dc.subjectRATE OF RETURN
dc.subjectREAL GDP
dc.subjectREAL INCOME
dc.subjectREDUCING POVERTY
dc.subjectRELATIVE IMPORTANCE
dc.subjectRURAL
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL BASE
dc.subjectRURAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectRURAL HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectRURAL HUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectRURAL INCOME
dc.subjectRURAL INEQUALITY
dc.subjectRURAL POOR
dc.subjectRURAL POVERTY
dc.subjectRURAL TOWNS
dc.subjectSKILLED WORKERS
dc.subjectSOCIAL PROGRAMS
dc.subjectSOCIAL WELFARE
dc.subjectSUBSISTENCE FARMERS
dc.subjectTARIFF PROTECTION
dc.subjectTARIFF REVENUE
dc.subjectTAX POLICY
dc.subjectTAX REVENUE
dc.subjectTAX REVENUES
dc.subjectTAXATION
dc.subjectTERMS OF TRADE
dc.subjectTRADE BARRIERS
dc.subjectTRADE DISTORTIONS
dc.subjectTRADE IN SERVICES
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectTRADE NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subjectTRADE POLICIES
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY REFORM
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY REFORMS
dc.subjectTRADE REFORMS
dc.subjectTRADE TAX
dc.subjectTRADE TAXES
dc.subjectTRADE-DISTORTING POLICIES
dc.subjectTREASURY
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNSKILLED LABOR
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBAN POOR
dc.subjectURBAN POVERTY
dc.subjectURBANIZATION
dc.subjectVALUE ADDED
dc.subjectVOLATILITY
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWEALTH
dc.subjectWORLD ECONOMY
dc.subjectWORLD MARKETS
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectWTO
dc.titleWould Freeing Up World Trade Reduce Poverty and Inequality? The Vexed Role of Agricultural Distortions

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