Sea urchin farming in the Mediterranean Sea
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The sea urchin <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i> plays a crucial role in shallow marine ecosystems and is an important model organism for scientific research. It is also considered a Mediterranean delicacy, appreciated for the rich flavour and delicate texture of its gonads, commonly referred to as roe. However, due to changing conditions in the species' natural habitat driven by market demand and rapid environmental shifts, <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i> populations in the Mediterranean have been thrown out of balance in recent decades. The General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations recognizes the importance of this species and is prioritizing sustainable aquaculture practices for the management of its populations. This manual outlines echinoculture plant structures, techniques and management practices for the production of <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i> and the restoration of healthy natural stocks. From taxonomy to feeding optimization, it presents a practical tool to embark on sea urchin aquaculture ventures.