Soybean yield potencial in petric plinthosols: climate and economic interactions.
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ABSTRACT: Soybean production in central Brazil predominantly occurs on ferralsols. However, increasing global demand has driven expansion into marginal areas with less suitable soils, particularly petric plinthosols. These soils present significant agronomic challenges, especially their heightened vulnerability to climatic variability. Nevertheless, some regions with petric plinthosols, such as parts of Tocantins state, have achieved surprisingly high soybean yields. Despite this production potential, research on soybean cultivation in petric plinthosols are still limited. Our study addresses this knowledge gap by evaluating how environmental conditions and management practices, particularly sowing dates, affect soybean yields in petric plinthosols compared to ferralsols. We also developed economic indicators to support sustainable production decisions. The results demonstrated that while high yields are achievable in petric plinthosols, these soils exhibit greater climate sensitivity than ferralsols. Environmental factor such as air humidity, mainly in the reproductive phase, is a limiting factor for higher yields. Notably, our economic analysis revealed that cost management impacts profitability more substantially than yield improvements, even under unfavourable conditions. This finding suggests that strategic farm management could make petric plinthosol cultivation economically viable despite their agronomic constraints.
Palabras clave
Plintossolos pétricos, Soja, Produtividade, Soybeans, Yields