From Goats to Coats : Institutional Reform in Mongolia's Cashmere Sector

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dc.creatorWorld Bank
dc.date2013-07-09T22:36:34Z
dc.date2013-07-09T22:36:34Z
dc.date2003-12-19
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:10:19Z
dc.descriptionThe Mongolian cashmere industry has experienced a series of booms and busts over the last decade. Unsatisfactory public sector policies contributed to this result. External factors such as the unfavorable economic environment of the early 1990s, the East Asia crisis, and weather conditions have also affected its performance. Over 1993-96 cashmere exports doubled from US$33.5 million to US$71.2 million, as cashmere's share in exports increased from 9.2 to 16.8 percent. Cashmere exports weakened in 1997 and 1998, recovered briefly in 1999-2000, and faltered again in 2002 to US$45.2 million, below their 1996 levels. Cashmere's share in exports fell from 16.8 to 8.6 percent over 1996-2002. Within this background, the report examines the industry's five principal shortcomings: supply distortions; decreasing cashmere quality, demand imperfections, inadequate marketing and distribution systems, and poor public and private institutional capacity to guide industrial policy development. The lack of an efficient public sector to provide public goods, inadequate strategic business development policies, and unregulated and outdated production patterns have stifled competition, and prevented the industry from reaching its potential. Mongolia's cashmere industry has moved only marginally up the value-added chain beyond primary production, leaving it especially vulnerable to changes in market demand. It also examines Mongolia's current legal and administrative mechanisms for regulating grazing land - poorly understood by central and local governments that also frequently lack the capacity to implement the laws. The 1995 Land Law gave local governments broad authority to regulate grazing. With clarification of their legal mandates and capacity-building interventions, local governments, perhaps in partnership with local herding associations, would be capable of regulating pasture use. This paper examines the structure, conduct, and organization of Mongolia's cashmere industry and discusses the strategic supply chain linkages needed to improve its production, marketing, and competitiveness. The paper looks at how agents along the cashmere industry supply chain can generate collective efficiencies and gain competitive advantages by deepening collaboration. It also examines how public policy affects industry and firm decisions on cashmere production and marketing systems, and the incomes of herders and rural communities. It suggests a set of actions and policies for the private and public sectors - including the donor community - to facilitate cashmere's transition to a truly competitive industry. Highlighted are existing initiatives to improve market coordination, and generate cost savings, and propose areas for expansion.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/12/6762004/mongolia-goats-coats-institutional-reform-mongolias-cashmere-sector
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/14431
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/14431
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/415796
dc.languageEnglish
dc.languageen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectACCESS TO MARKET
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL MARKETING
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectANIMAL
dc.subjectANIMAL GENETICS
dc.subjectANIMAL HEALTH
dc.subjectANIMAL HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectANIMALS
dc.subjectAUCTIONS
dc.subjectBANK LOANS
dc.subjectBORDER PRICE
dc.subjectBREEDING
dc.subjectBREEDS
dc.subjectCOLLECTIVE FARMS
dc.subjectCOMMAND ECONOMY
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectCOMPREHENSIVE STRATEGY
dc.subjectCONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS
dc.subjectCROP PRODUCTION
dc.subjectDEVALUATION
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
dc.subjectDIRECT MARKETING
dc.subjectDONOR AGENCIES
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectEFFICIENT MARKET
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
dc.subjectEQUIPMENT
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectEXTENSION
dc.subjectEXTERNAL MARKET
dc.subjectEXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectFAIR
dc.subjectFARM
dc.subjectFARM SECTOR
dc.subjectFARMERS
dc.subjectFEEDING
dc.subjectFEMALE GOATS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL CRISIS
dc.subjectFINISHED PRODUCTS
dc.subjectFODDER
dc.subjectFODDER PRODUCTION
dc.subjectFODDER SUPPLY
dc.subjectFORAGE
dc.subjectFORAGE UNIT
dc.subjectFUR
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGENETIC MATERIAL
dc.subjectGOAT PRODUCTION
dc.subjectGOATS
dc.subjectGRAZING LAND
dc.subjectGRAZING RIGHTS
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectGROWTH POTENTIAL
dc.subjectHERD MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectHERD SIZE
dc.subjectHERDERS
dc.subjectHERDING
dc.subjectHERDS
dc.subjectHORIZONTAL INTEGRATION
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME LEVELS
dc.subjectINCOMES
dc.subjectINEFFICIENCY
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL MARKETS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectLAMB
dc.subjectLAND USE
dc.subjectLIVELIHOODS
dc.subjectLIVESTOCK
dc.subjectLIVESTOCK COMMODITIES
dc.subjectLIVESTOCK HEAD
dc.subjectLIVESTOCK INSURANCE
dc.subjectLIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectLIVESTOCK OWNERS
dc.subjectLIVESTOCK SECTOR
dc.subjectLIVESTOCK WATERING
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION
dc.subjectMARKET ACCESS
dc.subjectMARKET CONDITIONS
dc.subjectMARKET DEMAND
dc.subjectMARKET DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectMARKET DISTORTIONS
dc.subjectMARKET ECONOMY
dc.subjectMARKET EXIT
dc.subjectMARKET FAILURE
dc.subjectMARKET FAILURES
dc.subjectMARKET INFORMATION
dc.subjectMARKET PRICE
dc.subjectMARKET PRICES
dc.subjectMARKET TRENDS
dc.subjectMARKETING
dc.subjectMARKETPLACES
dc.subjectNATIONAL HERD
dc.subjectOPTIMIZATION
dc.subjectORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
dc.subjectOVERGRAZING
dc.subjectPARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS
dc.subjectPASTURES
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPRICE CONTROLS
dc.subjectPRICE MARGIN
dc.subjectPRICE TREND
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subjectPRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION
dc.subjectPRODUCTION COSTS
dc.subjectPRODUCTION PROCESS
dc.subjectPROPERTY TAXES
dc.subjectRANGELAND
dc.subjectREGULATORY FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectRURAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectRURAL HERDERS
dc.subjectSAFETY NETS
dc.subjectSALE
dc.subjectSALES
dc.subjectSHEEP
dc.subjectSOIL EROSION
dc.subjectSUPPLY CHAIN
dc.subjectSUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectTHICKENING
dc.subjectTRADE POLICIES
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY
dc.subjectTRANSITION ECONOMIES
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectVALUE ADDED
dc.subjectWELLS
dc.subjectWOOL
dc.subjectWORLD MARKET
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectWTO
dc.titleFrom Goats to Coats : Institutional Reform in Mongolia's Cashmere Sector

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