The Health Effects of Universal Health Care : Evidence from Thailand

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World Bank, Washington, DC

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This paper exploits the staggered rollout of Thailand s universal health coverage scheme to estimate its impacts on whether individuals report themselves as being too ill to work. The statistical power comes from the fact that there is an average of 62,000 respondents in the labor force survey at each survey date and no less than 68 survey dates, most of which are just one month apart. The analysis finds that universal coverage reduced the likelihood of people reporting themselves to be too sick to work: the authors estimate the effect to be -0.004 one year after universal coverage and -0.007 three years after. The estimated effects are much larger among those age 65 and over. Universal coverage had a much larger effect on health (about four times larger) than the Village Fund scheme, which provided free credit to rural households through a subsidized microcredit scheme and which was rolled out around the same time as universal coverage.

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ADVERSE SELECTION, AGE GROUPS, AGED, AMBULATORY SERVICES, BENEFICIAL EFFECTS, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD MORTALITY, CHOICE OF PROVIDER, COST SHARING, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DISABILITY, ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, ELDERLY, EMERGENCY SERVICES, ENROLLEES, EXPOSURE, FEMALE EDUCATION, FREE CARE, FREE CHOICE, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE COVERAGE, HEALTH COVERAGE, HEALTH EDUCATION, HEALTH EFFECTS, HEALTH INDICATORS, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAM, HEALTH INSURANCE SCHEME, HEALTH INSURANCE SCHEMES, HEALTH ORGANIZATION, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH POLICY, HEALTH PROMOTION, HEALTH RESOURCES, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH STATUS, HEALTH SYSTEMS, HEALTH SYSTEMS RESEARCH, HOSPITAL, HOSPITALS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, ILL HEALTH, ILLNESS, IMMUNIZATION, INCOME, INCOME COUNTRIES, INSURANCE COVERAGE, INSURANCE PLANS, INSURANCE SYSTEMS, INTERVENTION, JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LIVING STANDARDS, MEDICAID, MEDICAL BENEFIT, MEDICAL BENEFITS, MEDICAL CARE, MEDICAL GOODS, MEDICARE, MEDICINES, MENTAL HEALTH, MORTALITY, NATIONAL HEALTH, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, NURSE, PATIENT, PATIENT COST, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLLUTION, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE, PROBABILITY, PROGRESS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HOSPITALS, PUBLIC INSURANCE, PUBLIC POLICY, PUBLIC SERVICES, PURCHASING POWER, RURAL RESIDENTS, SCHOOL STUDENTS, SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE, SOCIAL INSURANCE, SOCIAL SECURITY, SPOUSE, UNIVERSITY EDUCATION, URBAN AREAS, URBAN COMMUNITY, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, VULNERABLE GROUPS, WAR, WORKERS, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

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