Empowerment in agricultural value chains: Mixed methods evidence from the Philippines

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dc.creatorMalapit, Hazel J.
dc.creatorRagasa, Catherine
dc.creatorMartinez, Elena M.
dc.creatorRubin, Deborah
dc.creatorSeymour, Greg
dc.creatorQuisumbing, Agnes R.
dc.date2019-10-30
dc.date2024-06-21T09:09:08Z
dc.date2024-06-21T09:09:08Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T15:19:50Z
dc.descriptionWomen’s participation and empowerment in value chains are goals that concern many development organizations, but there has been limited systematic, rigorous research to track these goals between and within value chains (VCs). We use the survey-based project-level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (pro-WEAI) to measure women’s and men’s empowerment in the abaca, coconut, seaweed, and swine VCs in the Philippines. Results show that most women and men in all four VCs are disempowered, but unlike in many other countries, Filipino women in this sample are generally as empowered as men. Pro-WEAI results suggest that respect within the household and attitudes about gender-based violence (GBV) are the largest sources of disempowerment for both women and men, followed by control over use of income and autonomy in income-related decisions. Excessive workload and lack of group membership are other important sources of disempowerment, with some variation across VCs and nodes along VCs. Across all four VCs, access to community programs is associated with higher women’s empowerment, and access to extension services and education are associated with higher men’s empowerment. Our results show that, despite the egalitarian gender norms in the Philippines, persistent gender stereotypes influence men’s and women’s empowerment and VC participation.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/146864
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/101298
dc.languageen
dc.publisherInternational Food Policy Research Institute
dc.relationhttps://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133060
dc.relationhttps://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133061
dc.relationhttps://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133077
dc.relationhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/148376
dc.relationhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/154140
dc.relationhttps://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134302
dc.relationhttps://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134300
dc.relationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.04.003
dc.rightsOpen Access
dc.sourceMalapit, Hazel J.; Ragasa, Catherine; Martinez, Elena M.; Rubin, Deborah; Seymour, Gregory; and Quisumbing, Agnes R. 2019. Empowerment in agricultural value chains: Mixed methods evidence from the Philippines. IFPRI Discussion Paper 1881. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://hdl.handle.net/10568/146864
dc.subjectsupply chains
dc.subjectgender
dc.subjectwomen's empowerment
dc.subjectwomen's participation
dc.subjectempowerment
dc.subjectagriculture
dc.subjectlivelihoods
dc.subjectagricultural markets
dc.titleEmpowerment in agricultural value chains: Mixed methods evidence from the Philippines
dc.typeWorking Paper

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Instituto Internacional de Investigación sobre Políticas Alimentarias (IFPRI)