COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE IN BANGLADESH CROP PRODUCTION
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This study uses data from 1996/97 through 1998/99 to examine the relative
efficiency of production of crops in Bangladesh and their comparative advantage in
international trade as measured by net economic profitability (the profitability using
economic, rather than financial costs and prices), and the domestic resource cost ratio,
(the amount of value of non-tradable domestic resources used in production divided by
the value of tradable products).
The economic profitability analysis demonstrates that Bangladesh has a
comparative advantage in domestic production of rice for import substitution. However,
at the export parity price, economic profitability of rice is generally less than economic
profitability of many non-rice crops, implying that Bangladesh has more profitable
options other than production for rice export.
Several non-cereal crops, including vegetables, potatoes and onions have financial
and economic returns that are as high as or higher than those of High Yielding Variety
(HYV) rice. The relatively minor role in cropping systems of these crops despite their
higher returns, can largely be attributed to high price risks associated with marketing,
suggesting the need for further development of agro-processing industries, rural
infrastructure, and marketing networks.