Environmental impact of agriculture operations on the production of ethanol fuel.
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Abstract: In order to contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG) emission targeted in the 2015 Paris Agreement, the RenovaBio was instituted in Brazil aiming to encourage the increase of biofuels production in a more sustainable way, through the emission of decarbonisation credits (CBios) to biofuel producers. The calculation of CBios is done according to the methodology of Life Cycle Assessment, using as tool RenovaCalc, which counts the GHG emissions from the agricultural and industrial phases, generating the index of carbon intensity (in g CO2eq / MJ). Around 80% of the index of carbon intensity for the production of ethanol from sugarcane in Brazil is due to the agricultural operations, especially from nitrogen-based fertilizers and fuel from the agricultural machinery. In this work, RenovaCalc was used to evaluate several scenarios of the replacement of a diesel-based (B10 - mixture of 90% diesel and 10% biodiesel) by cleaner fuels in the agricultural operations in order to measure the increase on CBios emission. The highest index of carbon intensity of 17.4 g CO2eq / MJ was obtained when B10 was used while the lowest, 14.2 g CO2eq / MJ was obtained for ethanol. The replacement of B10 by ethanol as a fuel in all the agricultural operations increased the number of CBios by 4.6%, which means that the ethanol industry can increase its profits by selling these credits in the market. The results of this work highlights the importance of developing agricultural machinery that can be fueled by non-fossil based fuels.
Palabras clave
Life cycle analysis, GHG, RenovaCalc, Biomethane, Etanol, Biocombustível, Life cycle assessment, Biodiesel, Greenhouse gas emissions, ethanol