The Impact of War and Peace in MENA
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Civil wars and violence have
significantly damaged human, social and physical capital in
the war-torn countries of Syria, Iraq, Libya and Yemen. The
results on educational attainment are devastating. Estimates
by the UN show that more than 13 million children are out of
school in these countries.The World Bank is currently
undertaking a similar assessment for Yemen with the
collaboration of UN agencies, the European Union, the
Islamic Development Bank, and country authorities. The
preliminary estimates, based on data as of October 31, 2015,
show the damage in four cities--Sana’a, Aden, Taiz and
Zinjibar-- over six sectors – education, energy, health,
housing, transport, and water and sanitation-- to be in the
range of USD 4.0 – 5.0 billion.An end to the conflicts in
MENA will improve macroeconomic indicators through restoring
security, increasing investment, and the commencement of
reconstruction activity. Social indicators will also improve
with growth as well as by the shifting of public resources
from military expenses to education and health. All in, a
peace settlement in Syria, Iraq, Libya and Yemen, therefore,
could lead to a swift rebound in oil output and exports,
allowing them to increase fiscal space, improve current
account balances, increase foreign reserves, and boost
economic growth in the medium term. This can bring positive
spillovers to the rest of the region.
Palabras clave
SKILLS, SANITATION, PROGRESS, TERRORISM, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNDP, INFANT MORTALITY, HUMAN CAPITAL, BASIC SERVICES, INFANT, IMF, ECONOMIC GROWTH, TRANSITION FROM WAR TO PEACE, TEACHERS, SAFE DRINKING WATER, SCHOOLS, SCHOOLING, AGE, ENROLLMENT, LIVE BIRTHS, GROUPS, OUT OF SCHOOL CHILDREN, ENROLLMENT RATE, HEALTH CARE, ECONOMY, YOUTH, REFUGEE, SCHOOL CHILDREN, REFUGEE CHILDREN, DEVELOPMENT GOALS, INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, CONFLICT, POLICY, LIFE EXPECTANCY, ACCESS TO EDUCATION, EDUCATION SECTOR, KNOWLEDGE, PREGNANT WOMEN, CHILDREN, EDUCATION, WARS, DRINKING WATER, WAR, INVESTMENT, ENROLLMENT INDICATORS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, PRIMARY ENROLLMENT, AGREEMENTS, PEACE AGREEMENTS, LANGUAGE BARRIERS, POPULATION, CONFLICTS, VIOLENCE, CIVIL WAR, LEARNING, MORTALITY RATE, WOMEN, HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE, CIVIL WARS, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, SCHOOL, NATURAL RESOURCES, MEETING, PEACE, MORTALITY, RECONSTRUCTION, LEARNING ACTIVITIES, EDUCATION SPENDING