The Labor Market, Education and Armed Conflict in Tajikistan

Shemyakina, Olga N.

The Labor Market, Education and Armed Conflict in Tajikistan

Autores

Descripción

Shortly following its independence in 1991, Tajikistan suffered a violent civil war. This study explores the effect of this conflict on education and labor market outcomes for men and women. The results are based on the data from the 2003 and 2007 Tajik Living Standards Measurement Surveys that were separated from the 1992-1998 Tajik civil war by five and nine years, respectively. The regression analysis that controls for the cohort and regional-level exposure points toward a persistent and lasting gap in the educational attainment by women who were of school age during the war and lived in the more conflict-affected regions as compared with women the same age who lived in the lesser affected regions and also to the older generation. These empirical results support the anecdotal and observational evidence about the decline in female educational attainment in Tajikistan. Interestingly, this group of young women is more likely to hold a job as compared with the rest of the analytical sample. Conditional on being employed, men and women in the more conflict-affected areas do not receive wages that are significantly different from wages received by men and women in the lesser affected areas.

Palabras clave

ACTIVE LABOR, ACTIVE LABOR MARKET, ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PARTICIPANTS, ADULTHOOD, ADULTS, AGE GROUP, AGE GROUPS, AGED, ARMED CONFLICT, ARMED CONFLICTS, BASIC EDUCATION, BORROWING, BUSINESS CYCLE, CIVIL CONFLICT, CIVIL WAR, CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA, CULTURAL CHANGE, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT POLICIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DISPLACEMENT, DRIVERS, EDUCATION OF PARENTS, EDUCATION OF WOMEN, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, ELDERLY, EMPLOYABILITY, EMPLOYMENT INCREASES, EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES, EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, ETHNIC GROUP, ETHNIC GROUPS, FEMALE EMPLOYMENT, FEMALE LABOR, FEMALES, FEWER YEARS OF EDUCATION, FIRST MARRIAGE, FORCED RESETTLEMENT, GENDER, GENDER RELATIONS, GENDER ROLES, GENDER SPECIFIC, GENERATIONS, GENOCIDE, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN RESOURCES, HUMAN RIGHTS, HUSBANDS, IMPACT OF CONFLICT, IMPORTANT POLICY, INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION, JOB OPPORTUNITIES, JOBS, LABOR ECONOMICS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE, LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCES, LABOR MARKET IMPACT, LABOR MARKET OUTCOME, LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR SUPPLY, LABOUR, LABOUR SUPPLY, LEGISLATORS, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LIVING STANDARDS, LONG-RUN EFFECT, LONG-RUN EFFECTS, MALE LABOR FORCE, MALES, MARITAL STATUS, MARRIED WOMEN, MIDWIVES, MIGRANT, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MILITARY PERSONNEL, MOTHER, MOTHERS, NATIONAL COMMITTEE, NUMBER OF WOMEN, NURSES, OCCUPATION, OCCUPATIONS, OLD-AGE, OLDER MEN, OLDER WOMEN, OUTSIDE EMPLOYMENT, PARTICIPATION BY WOMEN, PEACE, PENSIONS, PERMANENT JOB, PERSISTENT UNEMPLOYMENT, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLITICAL ECONOMY, PRESENT STUDY, PRIMARY REASON, PRIVATE TRANSFERS, PROBIT REGRESSION, PROBIT REGRESSIONS, PRODUCTIVITY, PROGRESS, RAPES, RATIO OF WOMEN, REMITTANCE, REMITTANCES, RESPECT, RURAL AREAS, RURAL RESIDENCE, SCHOOL AGE, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SECONDARY SCHOOL DIPLOMA, SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL, SECONDARY SCHOOLING, SEX, SEX RATIO, SEX RATIOS, SOCIAL CAPITAL, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL SECURITY, SPOUSE, SPOUSES, SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE, SUBSTITUTION EFFECT, TOTAL EMPLOYMENT, TRADITIONAL VALUES, TRANSPORTATION, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, UNICEF, UNMARRIED WOMEN, UNSKILLED WORKERS, URBAN DWELLERS, VIOLENCE, WAGE PREMIUM, WAGE STRUCTURE, WAGES, WOMAN, WOMEN EMPLOYMENT, WORK EXPERIENCE, WORKER, WORKERS, WORKFORCE, YOUNG GIRLS, YOUNG WOMEN