Livestock and Livelihoods in Rural Tanzania : A Descriptive Analysis of the 2009 National Panel Survey
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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In 2006, the government approved a
national livestock policy based on the premise that the
livestock industry has an important role to play in building
a strong national economy and in the process, reducing
inequalities among Tanzanians by increasing their incomes
and employment opportunities. This report presents an
analysis of rural livelihoods in Tanzania, with particular
emphasis on the livestock sub-sector, smallholder
farmers' living standards, and issues with access to
productive assets. The report attempts to answer basic
questions such as: to what extent is keeping livestock an
activity of the relatively better off, and to what extent
are poorer households able to engage?; how does the role of
livestock vary with different levels of income and
well-being?; how are livestock holding size and structure
associated with differences in welfare, gender, and
geography?; how important are input and output markets for
small livestock keepers?; what form does this market
participation take in practice, and to what extent?; and to
what extent do the non-income services of livestock (for
example, manure, draught power) benefit crop production? The
study is based on data from the Tanzania national panel
survey (NPS) collected by the national bureau of statistics
(NBS) from October 2008 to October 2009 as part of the first
wave of a nationally representative living standards survey.
Data was collected using household, agricultural, and
community questionnaires in which information was obtained
at the individual, household, plot, and community level The
report is organized as follows: section one gives background
information; description of the data is presented in section
two, in section three the authors analyze the composition of
rural income, household endowment of human capital, and
access to infrastructure and assets, in order to gain an
understanding of the level of wellbeing in the rural space.
A descriptive analysis of the characteristics of small rural
livestock owners and their production practices is provided
in section four, which highlights the heterogeneity of the
households engaged in the livestock sector and presents
evidence of the sector's importance to rural
livelihoods in terms of both income and consumption. Section
five concludes with a discussion of key results and their
implications for policy and further analysis.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ACCESS TO INFRASTRUCTURE, ACCESS TO MARKETS, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL INPUTS, AGRICULTURAL LABORERS, AGRICULTURAL LAND, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, AGRICULTURAL SELF-EMPLOYMENT, AGRICULTURAL SERVICES, AGRICULTURAL WAGE, AGRICULTURAL WAGE LABOR, AGRICULTURAL WAGES, AGRICULTURE, ANIMAL, ANIMAL BREEDING, ANIMAL DISEASES, ANIMAL ORIGIN, ANIMAL OWNERSHIP, ANIMAL PRODUCTION, ANIMAL VACCINATION, ANIMALS, ANTHRAX, BRUCELLOSIS, BULLS, CALVES, CAMELS, CASH INCOME, CATTLE, CATTLE OWNERSHIP, CATTLE SHEEP, CHEMICAL FERTILIZER, CHICKENS, COMMUNITY GROUP, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE, CONTAGIOUS BOVINE PLEUROPNEUMONIA, COWS, CROP PRODUCTION, CROP PRODUCTS, CROPS, DAIRY, DAIRY PRODUCTS, DEVELOPING REGIONS, DISEASE PREVENTION, DISTRIBUTION OF LAND, DIVERSIFIED INCOME PORTFOLIO, DIVERSIFIED INCOME PORTFOLIOS, DOMESTIC DEMAND, DONKEYS, DRAFT ANIMALS, EAST COAST FEVER, ECONOMICS, EGGS, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EXTENSION SERVICES, FAMILY MEMBERS, FARM, FARM ACTIVITIES, FARM LABOR, FARM SECTOR, FARMERS, FARMING ACTIVITIES, FARMING HOUSEHOLDS, FARMS, FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS, FERTILIZERS, FISHERIES, FODDER, FOOD CONSUMPTION, FOOD EXPENDITURE, FOOD PRICE, FOOD PRICES, FOOD PRODUCTS, FOOD SECURITY, GENDER, GOATS, HERD COMPOSITION, HERD MANAGEMENT, HERD SIZE, HERD STRUCTURE, HERDERS, HERDS, HIGHLANDS, HORSES, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD HEADS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD PARTICIPATION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, HUMAN CAPITAL, IMPROVED BREEDS, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, INCOME FROM LIVESTOCK, INCOME SHARES, INCOMES, INEQUALITY, INSURANCE, IRRIGATION, LACK OF CREDIT, LAND DISTRIBUTION, LAND HOLDINGS, LAND OWNERSHIP, LAND RESOURCES, LAND SIZE, LANDLESS HOUSEHOLDS, LIVE ANIMALS, LIVESTOCK, LIVESTOCK ACTIVITIES, LIVESTOCK ASSETS, LIVESTOCK DATA, LIVESTOCK DISEASE, LIVESTOCK DISEASES, LIVESTOCK EXTENSION, LIVESTOCK HOLDING, LIVESTOCK HUSBANDRY, LIVESTOCK INCOME, LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY, LIVESTOCK KEEPERS, LIVESTOCK KEEPING, LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT, LIVESTOCK MARKET, LIVESTOCK MARKETING, LIVESTOCK OUTPUT, LIVESTOCK OWNERS, LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP, LIVESTOCK POLICY, LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS, LIVESTOCK PRODUCT, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION EXTENSION, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS, LIVESTOCK REARING, LIVESTOCK SALES, LIVESTOCK SECTOR, LIVESTOCK SECTORS, LIVESTOCK SHARE, LIVESTOCK SPECIES, LIVESTOCK STATISTICS, LIVESTOCK SUB-SECTOR, LIVESTOCK SUBSECTOR, LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS, LIVESTOCK UNITS, LIVING STANDARDS, MACRO-REGION, MANURE, MARKETING OF LIVESTOCK, MEAT, MILK, MILK SALES, NATIONAL LIVESTOCK, ORGANIC FERTILIZER, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, PIG, PIGS, POOR SMALLHOLDER, POORER HOUSEHOLDS, POULTRY, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRIVATE TRANSFERS, PUBLIC SERVICES, RABBITS, RABIES, REDUCTION OF POVERTY, RUMINANTS, RUNNING WATER, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DISPARITIES, RURAL ECONOMY, RURAL FEMALE, RURAL HOUSEHOLD, RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS REPORT, RURAL INCOME, RURAL LIVELIHOODS, RURAL LIVESTOCK, RURAL POOR, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION, RURAL ROADS, RURAL WOMEN, SAVINGS, SCHOOLING, SHEEP, SLAUGHTERED ANIMALS, SLAUGHTERHOUSES, SMALL RUMINANTS, SMALLHOLDER DEVELOPMENT, SMALLHOLDER FARMERS, SMALLHOLDER SECTOR, SMALLHOLDERS, SOCIAL CAPITAL, STEERS, SUBSISTENCE, SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TURKEYS, VACCINATION SERVICES, VACCINES, VETERINARY, VETERINARY SERVICES, WEALTH GROUPS