The Inter-linkages between Rapid Growth in Livestock Production, Climate Change, and the Impacts on Water Resources, Land Use, and Deforestation
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Livestock systems globally are changing
rapidly in response to human population growth,
urbanization, and growing incomes. This paper discusses the
linkages between burgeoning demand for livestock products,
growth in livestock production, and the impacts this may
have on natural resources, and how these may both affect and
be affected by climate change in the coming decades. Water
and land scarcity will increasingly have the potential to
constrain food production growth, with adverse impacts on
food security and human well-being. Climate change will
exacerbate many of these trends, with direct effects on
agricultural yields, water availability, and production
risk. In the transition to a carbon-constrained economy,
livestock systems will have a key role to play in mitigating
future emissions. At the same time, appropriate pricing of
greenhouse gas emissions will modify livestock production
costs and patterns. Health and ethical considerations can
also be expected to play an increasing role in modifying
consumption patterns of livestock products, particularly in
more developed countries. Livestock systems are
heterogeneous, and a highly differentiated approach needs to
be taken to assessing impacts and options, particularly as
they affect the resource-poor and those vulnerable to global
change. Development of comprehensive frameworks that can be
used for assessing impacts and analyzing trade-offs at both
local and regional levels is needed for identifying and
targeting production practices and policies that are locally
appropriate and can contribute to environmental
sustainability, poverty alleviation, and economic development.
Palabras clave
ADVERSE IMPACTS, AGRICULTURAL EXPANSION, AGRICULTURAL LAND, AGRICULTURAL LAND USE, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURE, AGRO-PASTORAL SYSTEMS, AGROPASTORALISM, ALTERNATIVE FEEDS, AMAZON BASIN, ANIMAL, ANIMAL DISEASE, ANIMAL FEED, ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES, ANIMAL PRODUCTION, ANIMAL PRODUCTIVITY, ANIMAL PRODUCTS, ANIMAL SPECIES, ANIMALS, AVIAN INFLUENZA, BASINS, BEEF, BEEF CATTLE, BEEF PRODUCTION, BIODIVERSITY, BIOENERGY, BIOMASS, BIRDS, BOREAL FOREST, BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY, BREED, BREEDING, BREEDS, BSE, CALVING RATES, CARCASS WEIGHT, CASH CROPS, CATS, CATTLE, CATTLE GRAZING, CATTLE HERD, CATTLE NUMBERS, CATTLE POPULATION, CATTLE PRODUCTION, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE VARIABILITY, COARSE GRAINS, CONSERVATION, CONSERVATION AREAS, CONSERVATION EASEMENTS, CONSERVATION EFFORTS, CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE, CONSTRUCTION, CROP PRODUCTION, CROP RESIDUES, CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS, CROPLAND, CULTIVATED LAND, DISEASE RESISTANCE, DISEASE TRANSMISSION, DISEASE VECTORS, DOMESTIC ANIMALS, DRINKING WATER, DRY-SEASON GRAZING, DUCKS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECOSYSTEM, ECOSYSTEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, EXTENSIVE GRAZING, FARM, FARMLAND, FEED, FEED CONVERSION, FEED CONVERSION EFFICIENCY, FEED CROPS, FEED GRAINS, FEED RESOURCES, FEEDING, FEEDS, FENCES, FENCING, FISHERIES, FODDER, FODDER PRODUCTION, FOOD CROPS, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD QUALITY, FOOD SAFETY, FOOD SECURITY, FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE, FORAGE, FOREST, FOREST AREA, FOREST AREAS, FOREST COVER, FOREST ECOSYSTEM, FOREST ECOSYSTEMS, FOREST LAND, FOREST LOSS, FOREST SECTOR, FORESTRY, FORESTS, FRESH WATER, FRESHWATER, FRUIT, GEESE, GENETIC, GENETIC EROSION, GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, GLOBAL LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, GLOBAL LIVESTOCK SECTOR, GOAT, GOATS, GRASSLAND, GRASSLANDS, GRAZING, GRAZING INTENSITY, GRAZING LAND, GRAZING LANDS, GRAZING LIVESTOCK, GRAZING PRESSURE, GRAZING RESOURCES, GRAZING SYSTEMS, GREEN FEED, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, GREENHOUSE GASES, GROUNDWATER, HABITATS, HAMBURGER CONNECTION, HEAVY METALS, HERD EXPANSION, HERDERS, HERDS, HORSE, HUMAN INTERVENTION, HUMAN POPULATION, HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH, HUMANWILDLIFE CONFLICTS, HYDROLOGY, INTENSIVE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, INVASIVE SPECIES, ISSUES, LAKES, LAND AREA, LAND USE, LANDUSE, LIVESTOCK, LIVESTOCK ASSETS, LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT, LIVESTOCK DISEASE, LIVESTOCK DISEASES, LIVESTOCK FEED, LIVESTOCK GRAZING, LIVESTOCK HEALTH, LIVESTOCK NUMBERS, LIVESTOCK POPULATION, LIVESTOCK POPULATIONS, LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS, LIVESTOCK PRODUCT, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION COSTS, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTIVITY, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS, LIVESTOCK RESEARCH, LIVESTOCK SECTOR, LIVESTOCK SYSTEM, LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS, LIVESTOCK UNITS, LIVESTOCK WASTE, LIVESTOCK WATER, LOCAL BREEDS, LOGGING, MANURE, MEAT, MEAT CONSUMPTION, MEAT PRODUCTION, MIGRATION, MIGRATORY BIRDS, MIGRATORY CORRIDORS, MILK, MITIGATION, MUTTON, NATURAL FORESTS, NATURAL HABITATS, NATURAL RESOURCES, NITROGEN, NON-NATIVE SPECIES, PALM, PARKS, PASTORALISTS, PASTURE, PASTURE EXPANSION, PASTURE PRODUCTION, PASTURES, PIG, PIG MEAT, PIGS, PLAINS, PLANT, PLANT SPECIES, PLANTATIONS, POINT SOURCE, POINT SOURCE POLLUTION, PORK, POULTRY, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRAIRIES, PUBLIC HEALTH, RAINFALL, RAINFALL CONDITIONS, RANGELAND, RANGELANDS, RINDERPEST, RIVER, RIVER BASINS, RIVERINE, RUMINANTS, RUNOFF, SAVANNAS, SHEEP, SHEEP POPULATION, SHORE, SLAUGHTERHOUSES, SMALLHOLDER PRODUCERS, SOILS, SORGHUM, STOCKING RATES, SURFACE WATER, SWAMPS, TIMBER, TIMBER HARVESTING, TREES, TROPICAL RAINFORESTS, TRYPANOSOMIASIS, URBAN CENTERS, URBAN SETTINGS, VEGETATION, WATER BUFFALO, WATER POLLUTION, WATER REQUIREMENTS, WATERFOWL, WETLANDS, WILDLIFE, WILDLIFE CONSERVATION, WILDLIFE MOVEMENTS, WILDLIFE POPULATIONS, WILDLIFE TOURISM, WOODLANDS