Household Energy for Cooking
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World Bank Group, Washington, DC
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Descripción
Reliance on solid fuels for cooking is
an indicator of energy poverty. Access to modern energy
services - including electricity and clean fuels - is
important for achieving the Millennium Development Goals.
It can also reduce womens domestic burden of collecting
fuelwood and allow them to pursue educational, economic, and
other employment opportunities that can empower them and
lead to increased gender equality. Similarly, the use of
clean cooking and heating fuels in efficient appliances can
reduce child mortality rates. Without access to modern
energy services, the likelihood of escaping poverty is very
low. Interventions to improve energy access to the poor
have focused mainly on electricity access and have often
neglected nonelectricity household energy access. Household
energy for cooking in particular has received little policy
attention in the overall energy sector dialogue, and
consequently its lending volume remains low, in spite of the
magnitude of the development challenges it represents. The
objective of this note is to assist task teams with broad
project design principles related to household energy for
cooking. It follows five main reports produced by the World
Bank Group over the last three years: (1) Household
Cookstoves, Environment, Health, and Climate Change: A New
Look at an Old Problem; (2) Household Energy Access for
Cooking and Heating: Lessons Learned and the Way Forward;
(3) One Goal, Two Paths Achieving Universal Access to Modern
Energy in East Asia and Pacific; (4) Wood-Based Biomass
Energy Development for Sub-Saharan Africa; and (5) What Have
We Learned about Household Biomass Cooking in Central
America? These reports make the case for a re-engagement of
the World Bank Group in the household energy access sector.
This note is organized into two sections: (a) context and
background, and (b) project design principles.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY, ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY, AEROSOL PRECURSORS, AFFORESTATION, AIR, AIR POLLUTION, AIR QUALITY, ALBEDO, ALTERNATIVE FUELS, APPROACH, ATMOSPHERE, AUTOMOTIVE FUEL, AVAILABILITY, BENEFIT ANALYSIS, BENZENE, BIOGAS, BIOMASS, BIOMASS BURNING, BIOMASS COMBUSTION, BIOMASS ENERGY, BIOMASS ENERGY USE, BIOMASS FUELS, BIOMASS SECTOR, BLACK CARBON, BLACK CARBON EMISSIONS, BUILDING MATERIALS, BURNING BIOMASS, BURNING STOVES, BURNS, CALCULATION, CALORIFIC VALUE, CANCER, CARBON, CARBON CREDITS, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON FINANCE, CARBON MARKETS, CARBON MONOXIDE, CARBON TAX, CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION, CHARCOAL KILNS, CHARCOAL PRODUCTION, CLEAN DEVELOPMENT, CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM, CLEAN FUELS, CLIMATE, CLIMATE BENEFITS, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION, CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, CO, CO2, COAL, COLORS, COMBUSTION, COMBUSTION CHAMBER, COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY, COMBUSTION OF BIOMASS, CONSUMER FUEL, COOK STOVES, COOKING, COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES, CROP, CROP DRYING, DECISION MAKING, DEFORESTATION, DEMAND FOR ENERGY, DIESEL, DIFFUSION, DNA, ECONOMIC VALUE, ECONOMICS, ECOSYSTEM, EFFECTIVE USE, EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS, EFFICIENT STOVE, EFFICIENT STOVES, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRIFICATION, EMISSION, EMISSION FACTOR, EMISSION REDUCTION, EMISSIONS ALLOWANCES, EMISSIONS REDUCTION, EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS, EMPLOYMENT, ENERGY ACCESS, ENERGY ASSESSMENT, ENERGY CARRIERS, ENERGY DEVELOPMENT, ENERGY EFFICIENCIES, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY MANAGEMENT, ENERGY NEEDS, ENERGY PLANNERS, ENERGY POLICIES, ENERGY POLICY, ENERGY POVERTY, ENERGY PRACTICE, ENERGY PRODUCTS, ENERGY PROJECTS, ENERGY SECTOR, ENERGY SECURITY, ENERGY SERVICES, ENERGY SOURCES, ENERGY STRATEGIES, ENERGY STRATEGY, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTS, ETHANOL, EXERCISES, FISH, FOREST, FOREST AREAS, FOREST COVER, FOREST MANAGEMENT, FOREST MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES, FOREST RESERVES, FOREST RESOURCES, FORESTRY, FORESTS, FORMALDEHYDE, FOSSIL, FOSSIL FUEL, FOSSIL FUELS, FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, FUEL COLLECTION, FUEL CONSUMPTION, FUEL EFFICIENCY, FUEL PRICES, FUEL SUPPLY, FUEL SWITCHING, FUEL TYPES, FUEL USE, FUELS, GASES, GENERATION, GHG, GHGS, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY, GLOBAL WARMING, GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL, GOLD, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GAS, HARMFUL EMISSIONS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEAT, HEAT TRANSFER, HOLISTIC APPROACH, HOT GASES, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD FUELS, HYDROCARBONS, INSTITUTIONALIZATION, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, INTERVENTION, IPCC, KEROSENE, KEROSENE SUBSIDIES, LAND USE, LEISURE TIME, LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS, LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS, LIQUID FUEL, LIQUID FUELS, LNG, MARKET PRICES, MARKETING, MODERN FUELS, MOISTURE CONTENT, MORTALITY, NATURAL FORESTS, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, OIL, OPEN BURNING, ORGANIC MATTER, OXYGEN, PARTICULATE, PARTICULATE MATTER, PELLETS, PETROLEUM, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POLLUTANTS, POWER, POWER CYCLE, PRICE COMPETITIVENESS, PRICE SUBSIDIES, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTION OF CHARCOAL, PROPANE, PUBLIC HEALTH, QUALITY CONTROL, RAW MATERIAL, RAW MATERIALS, RELIABILITY OF SUPPLY, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECT, RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES, RENEWABLE ENERGY STRATEGY, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, RURAL AREA, RURAL AREAS, RURAL CONSUMER, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, SMOKE, SMOKERS, SOCIAL NETWORKS, SOLID FUEL, SOLID FUELS, SULFATE, SUNLIGHT, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE FOREST, SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT, TEMPERATURE, THERMAL APPLICATIONS, THERMAL EFFICIENCY, THERMAL ENERGY, THERMODYNAMIC EFFICIENCY, TRADEOFFS, TRADITIONAL STOVES, TRANSPORT SECTOR, TURBULENCE, UTILITIES, VENTILATION, WILDLIFE HABITAT, WILLINGNESS TO PAY, WOOD, WOOD BIOMASS, WOOD ENERGY, WOODS, WOODY BIOMASS, WORKERS, WORKING CONDITIONS, WORLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION, WTA