Investing in Drought Preparedness
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Drought is a normal part of climate for
virtually every country. This paper notes that in response,
a risk-based management approach is more cost effective
because it emphasizes improved monitoring and early warning
systems; development of strong decision-support systems;
identification and implementation of mitigation actions;
education and training of policy makers, natural resources
managers, and the public; and drought mitigation plans that
reduce the most serious impacts. The paper concludes with
general recommendations that would benefit all sectors:
improving the reliability of seasonal climate forecasts and
increasing their use could improve decision making for water
management; establishing an automated weather station
network could provide end users with near-real time data to
improve decision-making; altering operating procedures for
water reservoir management and augmenting water storage
capacity of surface and subsurface systems could improve
drought coping capacity; improving information delivery
systems and providing technical assistance could improve
decision making by government officials, agricultural
producers, and water managers during droughts and help
create the necessary infrastructure; and improving water
conservation practices for domestic and agricultural sectors
during drought and non-drought periods and monitoring the
effects of drought on water quality for both surface and
groundwater supplies would help to mitigate risks overall.
Palabras clave
AGRICULTURAL SERVICES, CLIMATE, CLIMATE FORECASTS, CROP TYPES, CULTIVATION, DECISION MAKERS, DECISION MAKING, DROUGHT, DROUGHT CONDITIONS, DROUGHT MANAGEMENT, DROUGHT MITIGATION, DROUGHT PREPAREDNESS, DROUGHT RISK, EDUCATION PROGRAMS, EFFECTS OF DROUGHT, EMERGENCY DROUGHT, EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, FARMERS, GLOBAL WARMING, GROUNDWATER, GROUNDWATER SUPPLIES, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INSURANCE, IRRIGATION, IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGY, LAND USE, LIVESTOCK, MOISTURE, POOR, POTENTIAL IMPACTS, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES, PRECIPITATION, PROGRAMS, RAINFALL, RISK MANAGEMENT, RURAL, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, SEASONAL FORECASTS, SOCIAL IMPACTS, SOIL, STORAGE CAPACITY, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, URBAN WATER, URBAN WATER SUPPLY, WATER CONSERVATION, WATER MANAGEMENT, WATER MANAGERS, WATER QUALITY, WATER RESERVOIR, WATER RESOURCE, WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, WATER RESOURCES, WATER REUSE, WATER STORAGE, WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS, WATER USE, WATER USERS