Global Distortions to Key Agricultural Commodity Markets
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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The regional books that provided
detailed estimates of distortion in developing economies are
all country focused. While they include commodity details
for their particular country, they are not able to provide
an overview for developing countries or high-income
countries as a group, or for the world as a whole. This
paper seeks to fill this gap. The paper begins by describing
the overall project's coverage of 30 major commodities
and their importance in regional and global agricultural
production and trade. It then summarizes the nominal rates
of assistance and consumer tax equivalents for twelve key
covered products, together with their gross subsidy/tax
equivalents in constant dollars. The paper then examines
seven largely non-traded food staples that are nonetheless
important food items for poor people in low-income
countries. Even though those commodities are only a small
share of global production and exports of farm products,
they can be crucial to the food security of large segments
of developing country societies. The agricultural
distortions database lends itself to placing the policies
affecting (or ignoring) those products in a broader
perspective. The final part of the paper provides another
new perspective on the project's database. It seeks to
shed light on how relatively distorted are the various
commodity markets from the viewpoint of global trade or
welfare restrictiveness. This analysis draws on the theory
outlined in the previous chapter, but switches the focus
from countries to products.
Palabras clave
AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, AGRICULTURAL MARKETS, AGRICULTURAL POLICY, AGRICULTURAL PRICE, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURE, BANANAS, BARLEY, BEEF, CA, CASH CROPS, CASSAVA, COCOA, COCONUT, COFFEE, COMMODITY, CONSUMER PRICES, COTTON, CROP, CROP PRODUCTION, DOMESTIC MARKET, DOMESTIC MARKETS, EGG, FAO, FARM, FARM INCOMES, FARM PRODUCTS, FARMERS, FOOD INTAKE, FOOD MARKETS, FOOD POLICY, FOOD PRICES, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD SECURITY, FOOD STAPLES, FOODS, FRUIT, FRUITS, GA, GARLIC, GRAIN, GRAIN CROPS, GRAIN PRICES, GRAINS, GROUNDNUT, INTENSIVE FEEDING, INTERNATIONAL MARKET, INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, JUTE, LIVESTOCK, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS, LIVESTOCK SECTOR, MAIZE, MARKET ACCESS, MARKET FAILURE, MARKET VOLATILITY, MARKETPLACE, MBI, MEAT, MEATS, MILK, MILK PRODUCTS, MILLET, MONOPOLY, OILSEEDS, ORANGE, PEPPER, PEPPERS, PIG, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POTATO, POTATOES, POULTRY, POULTRY MEAT, PRICE DISTORTION, PRICE STABILITY, PRICE STABILIZATION, PRICE VOLATILITY, PRICING POLICY, PRODUCE, PRODUCER PRICES, PROTEIN, RAPESEED, RICE, RICE PRICE, RICE PRODUCTION, RICE TRADE, RUBBER, SESAME, SISAL, SORGHUM, SOYBEAN, SPREAD, STABLES, STAPLE FOODS, SUGAR, SUGAR TRADE, SUNFLOWER, SWEET POTATO, TEA, TOBACCO, TROPICAL CROPS, TROPICAL PRODUCTS, TUBERS, VANILLA, VEGETABLES, WHEAT, WOOL, WORLD MARKETS, YAM, YAMS