Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy associated with multivariate analysis applied to discriminate fertilizers of different nature.
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A number of phosphate rocks and organomineral P fertilizers was analyzed comparatively by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in both single- and double-pulse modes associated with two chemometric methods, i.e., principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR). PCA was demonstrated to be a valuable method for the identifi cation of spectral differences between similar samples with only minor compositional differences. The raw and normalized LIBS spectra were able to provide effective identifi cation and discrimination at a 95% confi dence level and in good agreement with the reference concentrations. Results obtained confi rm the promising potential of LIBS for the rapid classifi cation of P fertilizers in situ.
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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Phosphate rocks, Organomineral fertilizers, Principal components analysis, Partial least squares regression