Land Conflict, Migration, and Citizenship in West Africa
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Land and property rights, migration, and
citizenship are complex issues that cut across all social,
economic, and political spheres of West Africa. This paper
provides an overarching scoping of the most pressing
contemporary issues related to land, migration, and
citizenship, including how they intersect in various
contexts and locations in West Africa. The way issues are
analytically framed captures structural challenges and sets
them against the regional and global meta-trends of which
policy makers and practitioners should be aware for
conflict-sensitive planning. The paper points to some of the
effective practices in managing and mitigating these issues
and also raises several questions on areas for future
research. Part one lays out the migratory context in West
Africa. It points to the type, nature, and extent of
mobility that characterizes the region. Part two sets out
West Africa’s land tenure and management systems, including
structural challenges, general management policies, and key
issues related to land tenure and migrants. Part three
frames the key land and migration meta-trends in the context
of fragility. Part four concludes with an overall
exploration of the paper’s results and puts forward a series
of research questions that are necessary in order to discern
the most effective and realistic operational approaches.
Palabras clave
LABOR MIGRANTS, IMMIGRANT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE, URBANIZATION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CHALLENGES OF POPULATION, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, UNDOCUMENTED MIGRANTS, ILLITERACY, MIGRATION POLICY, CARBON, PRODUCERS, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, REMITTANCE, PROPERTY RIGHTS, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, TIMBER, COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN, ETHNIC GROUPS, LABOR FORCE, RIVER BASINS, EMISSIONS, DISCRIMINATION, IRREGULAR MIGRANTS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, MIGRATION ISSUES, IMMIGRANTS, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, PROTECTION OF MIGRANTS, FAMILY MEMBERS, INCENTIVES, MODELS, EMPIRICAL STUDIES, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION, PRIVATE PROPERTY, DEVELOPMENT GOALS, LAND TENURE, MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, NATIONAL LEVEL, VULNERABILITY, DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, RESOURCE USE, FLOWS OF REFUGEES, KNOWLEDGE, BENEFITS OF MIGRATION, ARMED CONFLICT, LABOR MARKET, RURAL POPULATIONS, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, EXPLOITATION, ARABLE LAND, DRYLANDS, OIL, EQUAL TREATMENT, NATIONAL LEGISLATION, EQUAL RIGHTS, POPULATION GROWTH, HEALTH CENTERS, OPTIONS, CITIZEN, MIGRATION, DRY LANDS, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS, NUMBER OF MIGRANTS, DISASTERS, FORESTRY, LAND OWNERSHIP, LAND RESOURCES, EDUCATED MIGRANTS, NATIONAL] LAWS, DIVIDENDS, DEMOGRAPHIC GROWTH, NATURAL RESOURCES, MIGRANTS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, POLITICAL SUPPORT, EFFICIENCY, FOOD PRODUCTION, RANGELANDS, TAXES, RESPECT, LAND USE, ENTITLEMENTS, PROGRESS, RESOURCES, MIGRATION FLOWS, UNEMPLOYMENT, EQUITY, NATIONAL SECURITY, MIGRANT, RURAL COMMUNITIES, REGIONAL POLICY, FOOD SECURITY, POLICIES, CLIMATE CHANGE, IMMIGRATION LAWS, VALUES, BASIC NEEDS, LARGE NUMBERS OF REFUGEES, POLICY MAKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, DEFORESTATION, DEMAND, NATIONAL BORDERS, SUSTAINABLE USE, URBAN AREAS, ENVIRONMENTS, PROPERTY, REFUGEE, DECISION MAKING, MIGRANT WORKERS, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, REFUGEES, POPULATIONS, ENVIRONMENT, POLICY DEVELOPMENTS, NATIONALS, STREAMS, POLICY, ECONOMICS, HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES, CITIZENS, FLOW OF REFUGEES, MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE, COMMON PROPERTY, MIGRATION POLICIES, FISHERIES, ECONOMIC FACTORS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES, HUMAN RIGHTS, TRADE, LAND, MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE, UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES, CITIZENSHIP, RESOLUTION, COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS, WAR, GROUNDWATER, IRREGULAR MIGRATION, HOST COUNTRY, ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES, FARMS, POPULATION MOVEMENT, MEAT, IMMIGRATION, ECOLOGY, MIGRATION STATISTICS, POPULATION, DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT, MIGRANT POPULATIONS, RISK MANAGEMENT, PRACTITIONERS, FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS, ECONOMISTS, CIVIL WAR, PASTURES, WOMEN, INHERITANCE, REMITTANCES, PROFITS, ENVIRONMENTAL, PUBLIC SERVICE, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, WETLANDS, PRICES, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIES, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT