Global Economic Prospects 2004 : Realizing the Development Promise of the Doha Agenda

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dc.creatorWorld Bank
dc.date2013-08-02T22:20:53Z
dc.date2013-08-02T22:20:53Z
dc.date2003-09-01
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:24:39Z
dc.descriptionThe international community finds itself at a crossroads as it approaches the last quarter of 2003. Will the Doha Agenda regenerate the multilateral consensus that has been the hallmark of successive rounds of trade liberalization since 1947 and in doing so provide new impetus for global integration? Or will the Doha Agenda collapse in stalemate and perhaps be viewed as the moment when the international community retreated from multilateralism and opened the floodgates for less desirable bilateral and regional arrangements? The round has the opportunity to remove many of the inequities in the global trading system that put developing countries-and poor people in particular-at a disadvantage in their trade. Several issues under discussion are pivotal to development outcomes. They are the focus of this report: First, because most poor people live in rural areas, trade barriers in agriculture are among the most important to poverty reduction. Second, labor-intensive manufactures have been the most dynamic market segment for every major region, including Africa, yet many developing countries find that their exports meet obstacles in foreign markets-high tariffs, quotas, specific duties, and "antidevelopment" tariff structures that discourage adding value in poor countries. Third, in services, the potential for development-promoting reciprocal gains is especially high. Regulations in some developing countries still protect some inefficient state monopolies from competition-a drag on growth. (To be sure, proper regulation in some sectors must precede liberalization to avoid potential disruptions in socially important markets, such as finance or basic services.) Also, access for developing countries' services exports to industrial countries has yet to be fully bound in the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) (World Bank 2001). Finally, national laws prevent greater labor mobility that would otherwise contribute to higher standards of living in both receiving and sending countries. Fourth, reducing the costs of trading by improving international transportation services, customs and ports, and logistics management- trade facilitation-requires substantial new investment, additional technical assistance, and coordinated multilateral efforts. Trade facilitation is fundamental to realizing the expanded trade promise of Doha, but the WTO agenda constitutes a small part of the challenge. Finally, the issue of special treatment for developing countries cuts across all of these policy domains and affects trade preferences and exemptions from WTO regulations. The pursuit of trade preferences and exemptions from multilateral rules have not always served developing countries particularly well, both because preferences have not proven reliable and because selective coverage has often left productivity-detracting trade barriers in place. The residual barriers sap growth in the protected economies and in developing-country trading partners that are denied access. Perhaps most important, the majority of the world's poor do not live in the least developed countries (LDCs). Trade preferences targeted at these countries do not benefit the three quarters of the world's poor that live on US$1 per day in other countries. In implementing new WTO rules, new accords will be most effective if they recognize differences among individual countries' capacity to undertake new, resource-intensive rules. These differences require a new approach to special and differential treatment.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifier0-8213-5582-1
dc.identifier1014-8906
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/14782
dc.identifier10.1596/0-8213-5582-1
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/417839
dc.languageen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectagricultural products
dc.subjectagricultural protection
dc.subjectagricultural sector
dc.subjectagricultural support
dc.subjectagricultural trade
dc.subjectagriculture
dc.subjectAntidumping
dc.subjectantidumping actions
dc.subjectAntidumping duties apparel
dc.subjectapparel exports
dc.subjectaverage tariff
dc.subjectaverage tariffs
dc.subjectborder protection
dc.subjectcapital market
dc.subjectcomparative advantage
dc.subjectcompetitiveness
dc.subjectCorporate profits
dc.subjectcurrent account
dc.subjectcurrent account deficit
dc.subjectCustoms
dc.subjectCustoms clearance
dc.subjectdata collection
dc.subjectdebt
dc.subjectdeflation
dc.subjectdeveloped countries
dc.subjectDeveloping Countries
dc.subjectdeveloping country
dc.subjectDevelopment Economics
dc.subjectDevelopment Programme
dc.subjectdevelopment strategy
dc.subjectdividends
dc.subjectdomestic production
dc.subjectEconomic effects
dc.subjecteconomists
dc.subjectelasticity
dc.subjectexport growth
dc.subjectexport market
dc.subjectexport performance
dc.subjectexport shares
dc.subjectexporters
dc.subjectexports
dc.subjectexternal environment
dc.subjectexternal funding
dc.subjectforeign markets
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGDP per capita
dc.subjectgeneralized system of preferences
dc.subjectglobal integration
dc.subjectglobal marketplace
dc.subjectglobal trade
dc.subjecthigh unemployment
dc.subjectimports
dc.subjectIncome
dc.subjectincome countries
dc.subjectindividual countries
dc.subjectindustrial production
dc.subjectInflation
dc.subjectinterest rates
dc.subjectInternational Migration
dc.subjectinternational trade
dc.subjectinternational transport
dc.subjectinvestor confidence
dc.subjectLDCs
dc.subjectmacroeconomic policy
dc.subjectMarket access
dc.subjectmarket share
dc.subjectMarket shares
dc.subjectmonetary policy
dc.subjectnet imports
dc.subjectnet worth
dc.subjectoil
dc.subjectOPEC
dc.subjectpartner institutions
dc.subjectpoor countries
dc.subjectpoor people
dc.subjectpoverty analysis
dc.subjectpoverty reduction
dc.subjectpoverty reduction strategies
dc.subjectprivate consumption
dc.subjectproducers
dc.subjectProductivity
dc.subjectproductivity growth
dc.subjectquality standards
dc.subjectquotas
dc.subjectreal income
dc.subjectreducing poverty
dc.subjectregional trade
dc.subjectRules of origin
dc.subjectrural areas
dc.subjectrural households
dc.subjectRural poverty
dc.subjectsafety standards
dc.subjectshort term
dc.subjectstructural reforms
dc.subjecttariff protection
dc.subjectTariff rate
dc.subjecttariff rates
dc.subjecttariff structures
dc.subjecttechnical assistance
dc.subjectterms of trade
dc.subjecttrade agreements
dc.subjecttrade barriers
dc.subjecttrade blocs
dc.subjecttrade costs
dc.subjectTrade Development
dc.subjecttrade facilitation
dc.subjecttrade integration
dc.subjecttrade liberalization
dc.subjectTrade Patterns
dc.subjecttrade policies
dc.subjecttrade preferences
dc.subjecttrade reforms
dc.subjecttransport costs
dc.subjecttrends analysis
dc.subjectunemployment rates
dc.subjectUruguay Round
dc.subjectWages
dc.subjectWorld Trade
dc.subjectWorld Trade Organization
dc.subjectworld trading system
dc.subjectWTO
dc.subjectTrade barriers
dc.subjectDeveloping countries
dc.subjectMultilateral agreements
dc.subjectTrade negotiations
dc.subjectTrade policy reform
dc.subjectTrade preferences
dc.subjectTrade regulation
dc.subjectTrade regime
dc.subjectMarket access
dc.subjectProtective tariffs
dc.subjectAgricultural policy reform
dc.subjectAgricultural trade
dc.subjectLabor mobility
dc.subjectWorld Trade Organization
dc.subjectTrade liberalization
dc.subjectMigration policy
dc.subjectRemittances
dc.subjectTrading risk
dc.subjectForeign workers
dc.subjectInternational security
dc.subjectTrade facilitation
dc.subjectInternational transport
dc.subjectTransport costs
dc.subjectTrade integration
dc.subjectManufactured exports
dc.subjectTariff reductions
dc.subjectCompetitiveness
dc.subjectEconomic productivity
dc.subjectSkilled workers
dc.subjectCapital flows
dc.subjectGeneral Agreement on Tariffs & Trade
dc.subjectTrade expansion
dc.subjectTechnical assistance
dc.titleGlobal Economic Prospects 2004 : Realizing the Development Promise of the Doha Agenda

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