Do Bilateral Social Security Agreements Deliver on the Portability of Pensions and Health Care Benefits?
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This policy paper summarizes four
corridor studies on bilateral social security agreements
(BSSAs) between four European Union (EU) member and two
non-member states, draws conclusions on their results, and
offers recommendations. BSSAs between migrant-sending and
migrant-receiving countries are seen as the most important
instrument to establish portability of social security
benefits for internationally mobile workers. Yet, only about
23 percent of international migrants profit from BSSAs and
their functioning has been little analyzed and even less
assessed. The four corridors studied (Austria-Turkey,
Germany-Turkey, Belgium-Morocco, and France-Morocco) were
selected to allow for comparison of both similarities and
differences in experiences. The evaluation of these
corridors’ BSSAs was undertaken against a methodological
framework and three selected criteria: fairness for
individuals, fiscal fairness for countries, and bureaucratic
effectiveness for countries and migrant workers. The results
suggest that the investigated BSSAs work and overall deliver
reasonably well on individual fairness. The results on
fiscal fairness are clouded by conceptual and empirical
gaps. Bureaucratic effectiveness would profit from
information and communication technology-based exchanges on
both corridors once available.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE, EQUAL OPPORTUNITY, LABOR MIGRANTS, RISKS, LABOR FLOW, WORKFORCE, ECONOMIC GROWTH, INTERNATIONAL MOBILITY, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, OLD AGE, NATIONAL LAW, REPRESENTATIVES FROM MINISTRIES, SPOUSE, OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN, QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE, FIRST CHILD, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, HEALTH CARE ACCESS, POPULATION FACTS, LABOR FORCE, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, HEALTH INSURANCE, DISCRIMINATION, IMMIGRANTS, HEALTH CARE, RETURNEES, LEGAL STATUS, RETURN MIGRATION, FAMILY MEMBERS, HEALTH, RETURN OF MIGRANTS, TREATIES, VULNERABILITY, BASIC HEALTH CARE, OLD-AGE, PUBLIC HEALTH, LIFE EXPECTANCY, SPOUSES, SAFETY NETS, TELEVISION, DEMOGRAPHERS, KNOWLEDGE, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, LABOR MARKET, DISEASES, NATIONAL LEGISLATION, INTERVENTION, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, HOST COUNTRIES, HEALTH SYSTEMS, AGING, CITIZEN, MIGRATION, HEALTH CARE SERVICES, MODERNIZATION, SERVICE PROVIDER, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, LABOR SHORTAGES, MARRIAGE, SOCIAL SECURITY, OLD- AGE, ORPHANS, SERVICE DELIVERY, MIGRANTS, POLITICAL SUPPORT, HEALTH CARE SYSTEM, ELDERLY, RESPECT, PROGRESS, MIGRATION FLOWS, UNEMPLOYMENT, QUALITY CARE, MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS, NATIONAL SECURITY, HUMAN CAPITAL, MIGRANT, FOOD SECURITY, TRANSPORTATION, WORKERS, POLICIES, POLYGAMY, PENSIONS, POLICY MAKERS, DIVORCE, LEISURE ACTIVITIES, SOCIAL POLICY, PURCHASING POWER, SAFETY NET, LONG-TERM CARE, INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT, URBAN AREAS, MIGRANT WORKERS, MEASUREMENT, DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE, POPULATIONS, INJURIES, MIGRANT-SENDING COUNTRIES, MOTHER, WORKSHOPS, TEMPORARY MIGRANTS, POLICY DEVELOPMENTS, ELDERLY PEOPLE, NATIONALS, EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION, POLICY, SOCIAL WELFARE, CITIZENS, SOCIAL POLICIES, INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS, LEGAL MIGRANTS, HEALTH SYSTEM, SOCIAL AFFAIRS, SOCIAL SECTORS, WEIGHT, HUMAN RIGHTS, CHILDREN, CITIZENSHIP, WARS, WAR, WORLD POPULATION, HOST COUNTRY, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, TREATY, POPULATION MOVEMENT, IMMIGRATION, DISABILITY, POPULATION, LABOR SUPPLY, MIGRANT WOMEN, POLICY RESEARCH, STRATEGY, HOME COUNTRIES, REGISTRATION, HEALTH INSURERS, FAMILIES, LACK OF INFORMATION, WOMEN, COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, REMITTANCES, LABOR MARKETS, POLICY ANALYSIS, LABOR FORCES, PERSONAL COMMUNICATION, UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS, HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS, RECIPIENT COUNTRY, IMPLEMENTATION, HEALTH SERVICES, LONG-TERM MIGRANTS