One Goal, Two Paths : Achieving Universal Access to Modern
Energy in East Asia and the Pacific

World Bank

One Goal, Two Paths : Achieving Universal Access to Modern Energy in East Asia and the Pacific

Autores

World Bank

Editor

World Bank

Descripción

The purpose of the current flagship report is to address energy access and related developmental issues in East Asia Pacific (EAP) that so far have received less attention compared to the macro energy issues of climate change and reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. EAP countries have two steep paths to climb to achieve universal access to modern energy: electricity and modern cooking solutions. Approximately 170 million people, or 34 million households, in EAP countries do not have electricity connections in their homes. This number is equivalent to approximately 9 percent of the Region's total population, and 30 percent of the Region's population excluding China. Moreover, approximately 6 times that number, or over 1 billion people, still lack access to modern cooking solutions. In addition, EAP is exceeded by only Sub Saharan Africa and South Asia in the number of people who lack access to electricity. However, access to both electricity and modern cooking solutions is essential to address the enduring impacts of poverty and to move the poor onto a rising development trajectory. The link between access to modern energy and development is most clearly defined by the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). The MDGs were formulated to reduce global poverty while increasing education, empowering women, and improving child and maternal health. Although there is no direct reference to energy in the MDGs, the need for access to energy, particularly modern energy, to improve overall welfare is well recognized by the development community.

Palabras clave

ENERGY ACCESS, MODERN ENERGY, ELECTRICITY, ENVIRONMENT, MODERN COOKING SOLUTIONS, UNIVERSAL ACCESS, HEALTH, RURAL ELECTRIFICATION, GENDER, INDOOR AIR POLLUTION, CLEAN COOKING, ADVANCED COOKING STOVES, ENERGY ACCESS, MODERN ENERGY, ELECTRICITY, ENVIRONMENT, MODERN COOKING SOLUTIONS, UNIVERSAL ACCESS, HEALTH, RURAL ELECTRIFICATION, GENDER, INDOOR AIR POLLUTION, CLEAN COOKING, ADVANCED COOKING STOVES, ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY, ACCESS TO ENERGY, ACCESS TO GRID, ACCESS TO GRID ELECTRICITY, ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY, ACUTE RESPIRATORY ILLNESSES, AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES, AGRICULTURAL WASTE, AIR POLLUTION, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROGRAM, AMOUNT OF POWER, ANIMAL DUNG, BATTERIES, BATTERY STORAGE, BIOGAS SYSTEMS, BIOMASS ENERGY USE, BIOMASS FUELS, BIOMASS GASIFIER, BIOMASS STOVE, BURNING STOVES, CAPACITY OF HOUSEHOLDS, CARBON FINANCING, CARBON FUNDING, CARBON MONOXIDE, CHARCOAL, CLEAN DEVELOPMENT, CLEAN FUELS, CLEANER BURNING, CLIMATE, CO, COAL, COMBUSTION OF BIOMASS, CONVENTIONAL DIESEL, COOKING FUELS, COOKING STOVES, COST RECOVERY, COSTS OF ELECTRICITY, DEFORESTATION, DIESEL ENGINES, DIESEL FUEL, DIESEL SYSTEMS, DIRECT COMBUSTION, DIRECT COMBUSTION OF BIOMASS, DRY CELL, DRY CELL BATTERIES, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EDC, ELECTRIC POWER, ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY ACCESS, ELECTRICITY COMPANY, ELECTRICITY CONNECTIONS, ELECTRICITY GRID, ELECTRICITY SUPPLY, ELECTRICITY TARIFFS, ELECTRICITY USE, ELECTRIFICATION, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS REDUCTION, ENERGY ACCESS, ENERGY COMPANY, ENERGY POVERTY, ENERGY RESOURCES, ENERGY SECTOR, ENERGY SERVICE, ENERGY SERVICE COMPANY, ENERGY SOURCES, ENERGY SYSTEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, ESCO, FOREST, FOREST INVESTMENT, FORMS OF ENERGY, FUEL, FUEL CONSUMPTION, FUEL USE, GENERATION CAPACITY, GENERATORS, GHG, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY, GREENHOUSE GAS, GRID AREAS, GRID CONNECTIONS, GRID ELECTRICITY, GRID ELECTRICITY SERVICE, GRID EXPANSION, GRID EXTENSION, GRID EXTENSIONS, GRID OPTIONS, GRID POWER, GRID RELIABILITY, GRID SOLUTIONS, GRID SOURCES, GRID SYSTEMS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HAND TOOLS, HIGH VOLTAGE, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY, HOUSEHOLD LIGHTING, HYBRID SYSTEMS, HYDROPOWER, INCOME, INDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCER, INDOOR AIR POLLUTION, INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY, KEROSENE, KEROSENE REFRIGERATORS, KILOWATT HOUR, KILOWATT HOURS, LIFELINE TARIFFS, LPG, MINERAL RESOURCES, MODERN FUELS, MOMENTUM, NATIONAL GRID, NATIONAL POWER CORPORATION, NATURAL GAS, NEW ELECTRICITY CONNECTION, OIL, OPERATING COSTS, PARTICULATE, PARTICULATE MATTER, PARTICULATES, PEAK DEMAND, PETROLEUM GAS, POLLUTION LEVELS, POWER CORPORATION, POWER PRODUCER, POWER PURCHASE, POWER SECTOR, POWER SHORTAGES, POWER UTILITIES, PUMPS, RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION, RENEWABLE ENERGY OPTIONS, RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY, RENEWABLE ENERGY SERVICE, RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES, RENEWABLE SOURCES, RESERVOIRS, RURAL AREAS, RURAL CONSUMERS, RURAL ELECTRICITY, RURAL ENERGY, RURAL POPULATIONS, SAFETY, SANITATION, SMALL POWER, SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS, SMOKE, SMOKE POLLUTION, SODIUM, SOLAR HOME SYSTEM, SOLAR HOME SYSTEMS, SOLAR SYSTEMS, SOLID FUEL, SOLID FUELS, SULFUR, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, TARGETED SUBSIDIES, TRADITIONAL BIOMASS, TRADITIONAL FUELS, TRANSPORT, UNEP, URBAN AREAS, UTILITIES, VOLTAGE, WATER PUMPING, WHOLESALE ELECTRICITY, WHOLESALE ELECTRICITY MARKET, WIND SYSTEMS, WIND TURBINE, WIND TURBINE SYSTEM, WINDS, WOOD