Fire without Smoke : Learning from the National Program on Improved Chulhas
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New Delhi: The Energy and Resources Institute and the World Bank
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A major section of over 720 million
rural poor in India continue to depend on biomass sources
for meeting their energy requirements. Most of these poor
people continue to burn biomass in energy-inefficient
devices, locally called Chulhas. This study report is based
on an evaluation of the National Program for Improved
Chulhas (NPIC) conducted as part of a larger Bank study
entitled India : household energy, indoor air pollution and
health (World Bank 2002). This book synthesizes learning and
insights from various programs implementation across
different socio-economic and geographic regions of the
country. The critical issues related to dissemination of
improves cook-stoves discussed in the book will find wide
application not only in India but in other developing
countries as well. It is imperative that we take forward the
initiatives undertaken in the past to provide
energy-efficient option for meeting the cooking needs of
rural communities, yet underserved by modern energy options.
Palabras clave
AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES, AGRICULTURAL EXPANSION, AGRICULTURAL LABOR, AGRICULTURAL LAND, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, ALTERNATIVE METHODS, AMOUNT OF BIOMASS, AMOUNT OF LAND, BIOMASS, BIOMASS AVAILABILITY, BIOMASS DISTRIBUTION, BIOMASS USE, BURNING, BUSH MEAT, CANOPY, CAPITA CONSUMPTION, CHARCOAL, CHARCOAL PRODUCTION, CHRONIC ILLNESS, COLLECTED DATA, CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY, COOKING, CULTIVATION, DEAD WOOD, DEFORESTATION, DETERMINANT, DETERMINANTS, DRY SEASON, ENERGY DEMAND, ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, EQUILIBRIUM, EVERGREEN FOREST, EVERGREEN FORESTS, FAO, FARMERS, FIRE MANAGEMENT, FISHER, FOREST, FOREST AREA, FOREST BIOMASS, FOREST CANOPIES, FOREST CANOPY, FOREST COVER, FOREST DEGRADATION, FOREST HEALTH, FOREST PRODUCTS, FOREST RESOURCES, FOREST STRUCTURE, FORESTRY, FORESTS, FUEL, FUEL WOOD, FUELS, FUELWOOD, GAS STOVE, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, GRASSES, GROWING SEASON, HARVESTING, IFPRI, INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, KEROSENE, LABOR DEMAND, LABOR FORCE, LAND COVER, LANDSCAPE, MAIZE, MEAT, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCES, NATURE, PLANT, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POOR RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, POPULATION GROWTH, RAINY SEASON, REMOTE SENSING, REMOTE SENSING DATA, RURAL AREAS, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, SATELLITE DATA, SPACING, TIMBER, TOBACCO, TREE, TREE DENSITY, TREES, URBAN CENTERS, USE OF BIOMASS, VEGETATION, VILLAGES, WET SEASON, WOOD, WOOD USE, WOODLAND, YIELDS, AIR POLLUTION, AIR QUALITY, APPROACH, ASBESTOS, AVAILABILITY, AVERAGE FAMILY SIZE, BALANCE, BIOGAS, BIOGAS DEVELOPMENT, BIOGAS PLANTS, BIOMASS COMBUSTION, BIOMASS FUEL, BIOMASS FUELS, BIOMASS IN ENERGY, BULLETIN, BURNING STOVES, CEMENT, CHRONIC BRONCHITIS, CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES, COAL, COMBUSTION, COMBUSTION AIR, COMBUSTION OF BIOMASS, CONVENTIONAL ENERGY, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DISEASE, DISSEMINATION, DRINKING WATER, EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENERGY DEVELOPMENT, ENERGY EFFICIENCIES, ENERGY PLANTATIONS, ENERGY REQUIREMENTS, ENERGY SECTOR, ENERGY SOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, EPIDEMIOLOGY, FAMILIES, FAMILY SIZE, FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS, FUEL CONSERVATION, FUEL CONSUMPTION, GRASS-ROOTS, HEALTH EFFECTS, HEALTHY LIFE, HOSPITALS, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION, HUMAN HEALTH, HUSBANDS, HYGIENE, ILLNESS, INDOOR AIR POLLUTION, INSPECTION, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, INTERVENTION, IRON, LARGE FAMILIES, MARKETING, MODERN FUELS, NATIONAL PROJECT, OLDER WOMEN, OPEN PITS, PARTICULATE, PARTICULATE MATTER, PEAK TIMES, PETROLEUM, PETROLEUM GAS, POTENTIAL USERS, POWER, PRESCHOOL CHILDREN, PROGRESS, PUBLIC HEALTH, RAW MATERIAL, RESPIRATORY DISEASES, ROAD, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL ENERGY, RURAL WOMEN, SAND, SANITATION, SMOKE, SMOKING, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, THERMAL PERFORMANCE, TRADITIONAL BIOMASS, TRADITIONAL PRACTICE, TRAINS, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORTATION, TUNNEL, URBAN HOUSEHOLDS, URBAN SLUMS, VEHICLE, WIND, WORKERS, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION