Effects of canopy species over Theobroma grandiflorum in agroforestry systems in the Brazilian Amazon.
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Theobroma grandiflorumis particularly suitable for agroforestry systems (AFSs). However, to design stable, reliable and profitable AFSs, it is necessary to define which canopy species best interact with T. grandiflorum. This study compares two AFSs established, as participatory research, on rural properties in the municipality of Tomé Açu, Pará State, Brazil, monitored from 2005 to 2019.Along with crop species cultivated in the initial phase, Swietenia macrophylla and Khaya grandifoliola were used as canopy species. Fruit production and survivalrate of T. grandiflorum were evaluated at four distance levels from the canopytrees. We also measured the development of both canopy species to estimate growth rates,wood, and aboveground biomass (AGB) production potential. K.grandifoliola had the effect of reducing production and survival rates of T. grandiflorum in AFSs,while S. macrophylla best met the required criteria to keep the AFS viable for fruit production. However, as a timber species, K. grandifoliola presented better responses in terms of vigor, AGB and wood production than S. macrophylla, and therefore offers a viable alternative to the use of the native species. Thus,despite the biological results achieved for T. grandiflorum production, thechoice of canopy species to be included in the AFSs must also consider the goals of eachfarmer.
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Khaya grandifoliola, Sistema Agroflorestal (SAF), Sistema de Cultivo, Swietenia Macrophylla