Scaling solar irrigation through grassroot institutions in India
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International Water Management Institute
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This technical brief, Scaling Solar Irrigation through Grassroot Institutions in India, examines how local institutions can accelerate inclusive adoption of solar irrigation pumps (SIPs) under the PM-KUSUM scheme. While SIP adoption has expanded rapidly under PM KUSUM, millions of conventional pumps remain in operation, and barriers such as low awareness, limited digital literacy, and constrained access to credit continue to exclude smallholders and women farmers. Drawing on a meta-analysis of 83 studies, the brief shows that institutional engagement significantly increases adoption. Structured extension support raises uptake by 14 percent, while collective institutions improve access to formal credit by 8.7 percent. These findings underscore that technology deployment alone is insufficient; institutional enablers are critical for equitable and sustained scaling. The brief identifies three practical pathways for strengthening delivery under PM-KUSUM: integrating renewable energy expertise within Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs); leveraging Self-Help Groups (SHGs) linked to NABARD and NRLM to ease financing constraints; and embedding Citizen Service Centres (CSCs) to provide end-to-end facilitation and reduce digital access barriers. Pilot evidence from Uttar Pradesh demonstrates that CSC-led facilitation can convert awareness into applications and installations.
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solar powered irrigation systems, scaling up, institutions, solar energy, resilience