Reducing Geographical Imbalances of Health Workers in Sub-Saharan Africa : A Labor Market Perspective on What Works, What Does Not, and Why

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dc.creatorJahanshahi, Negda
dc.creatorLemiere, Christophe
dc.creatorSmith, Ellen
dc.creatorHerbst, Christopher H.
dc.creatorSoucat, Agnes
dc.date2012-03-19T09:02:26Z
dc.date2012-04-04T07:43:52Z
dc.date2012-03-19T09:02:26Z
dc.date2012-04-04T07:43:52Z
dc.date2011
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:04:04Z
dc.descriptionThis report discusses and analyzes labor market dynamics and outcomes (including unemployment, worker shortages, and urban-rural imbalances of categories of health workers) from a labor economics perspective. It then uses insights from this perspective as a basis for elaborating policy options that incorporate the underlying labor market forces. The goal of the study is to address undesirable outcomes (including urban-rural HRH imbalances) more effectively. The study draws on an extensive inventory of policy options relevant to urban-rural labor force imbalance in Sub-Saharan Africa and the experiences with these imbalances to date. Given the limited documentation available on this topic through formal channels, the review relies heavily on 'gray literature' from policymakers in Sub-Saharan Africa and their development partners, especially the World Bank and the World Health Organization (WHO). The report is divided into five main sections. The first section focuses on economic policies related to Human Resources for Health (HRH) objectives. It argues that policymaking has ignored health labor market dynamics. The second section provides data showing the extent of urban-rural imbalances and describes how these imbalances affect health system outcomes. The third section uses a health labor market framework to explain these imbalances. The fourth section outlines policy options relevant to Sub-Saharan Africa for addressing market distortions and affecting labor market outcomes. It also reviews evidence on the policies, strategies, and programs designed to address geographic imbalances in Sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting what has been done, what has worked, and what has not. The last section provides a roadmap for policymakers.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333038_20110107020314
dc.identifier978-0-8213-8599-9
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/2254
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/5919
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-8599-9
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/414937
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank
dc.relationWorld Bank Working Paper ; No. 209. Africa Human Development Series
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectAUXILIARY NURSES
dc.subjectBIRTH ATTENDANTS
dc.subjectBIRTH RATES
dc.subjectBRAIN DRAIN
dc.subjectBURDEN OF DISEASE
dc.subjectCAESAREAN SECTIONS
dc.subjectCASH TRANSFERS
dc.subjectCHILDHOOD DISEASES
dc.subjectCLINICAL GUIDELINES
dc.subjectCLINICS
dc.subjectCOMMUNITY HEALTH
dc.subjectCOST EFFECTIVENESS
dc.subjectCOST-EFFECTIVENESS
dc.subjectCOUNSELING
dc.subjectDEATHS
dc.subjectDESCRIPTION
dc.subjectDISSEMINATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC POLICIES
dc.subjectEQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectEQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES
dc.subjectEXISTING RESOURCES
dc.subjectEXPOSURE TO HEALTH RISKS
dc.subjectFEASIBILITY STUDIES
dc.subjectFEMALE
dc.subjectFEMALES
dc.subjectFEWER YEARS OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectFISCAL CONSTRAINTS
dc.subjectFORMAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGENERAL PRACTITIONERS
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT POLICIES
dc.subjectGYNECOLOGY
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE FACILITIES
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE SERVICES
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE SYSTEM
dc.subjectHEALTH CENTERS
dc.subjectHEALTH CLINICS
dc.subjectHEALTH EDUCATION
dc.subjectHEALTH EXTENSION
dc.subjectHEALTH FACILITIES
dc.subjectHEALTH INSURANCE
dc.subjectHEALTH INTERVENTIONS
dc.subjectHEALTH OFFICIALS
dc.subjectHEALTH POLICY
dc.subjectHEALTH PROBLEMS
dc.subjectHEALTH PROFESSIONALS
dc.subjectHEALTH PROVIDERS
dc.subjectHEALTH SECTOR
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectHEALTH SYSTEM
dc.subjectHEALTH SYSTEMS
dc.subjectHEALTH TRAINING
dc.subjectHEALTH WORKERS
dc.subjectHEALTH WORKFORCE
dc.subjectHIV
dc.subjectHIV/AIDS
dc.subjectHOMES
dc.subjectHOSPITAL
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectHOUSING
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subjectIMMIGRANT
dc.subjectIMMIGRANT HEALTH
dc.subjectIMMIGRATION
dc.subjectIMMIGRATION POLICIES
dc.subjectIMPORTANT POLICY
dc.subjectINCENTIVE SCHEMES
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectINDEXES
dc.subjectINEQUALITY
dc.subjectINEQUITIES
dc.subjectINFANT
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY RATE
dc.subjectINJURIES
dc.subjectINSERVICE TRAINING
dc.subjectJOB SECURITY
dc.subjectKEY HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
dc.subjectLAB TESTS
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLABOR SHORTAGES
dc.subjectLABOR SUPPLY
dc.subjectLACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectLEGAL STATUS
dc.subjectLIVE BIRTH
dc.subjectLIVE BIRTHS
dc.subjectLOCAL COMMUNITIES
dc.subjectLOCAL COMMUNITY
dc.subjectLOCAL GOVERNMENTS
dc.subjectMALARIA
dc.subjectMANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
dc.subjectMARRIED COUPLES
dc.subjectMATERNAL HEALTH
dc.subjectMATERNAL MORTALITY
dc.subjectMATERNAL MORTALITY RATES
dc.subjectMEDICAL CARE
dc.subjectMEDICAL SCHOOL
dc.subjectMEDICAL SUPPLIES
dc.subjectMIDWIFE
dc.subjectMIDWIVES
dc.subjectMIGRATION
dc.subjectMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
dc.subjectMINISTRIES OF HEALTH
dc.subjectMINISTRY OF HEALTH
dc.subjectMORTALITY
dc.subjectMORTALITY LEVELS
dc.subjectMORTALITY RATE
dc.subjectNATIONAL LEVEL
dc.subjectNURSE
dc.subjectNURSES
dc.subjectNURSES TRAINING
dc.subjectNURSING
dc.subjectOBSTETRICAL COMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectPATIENT
dc.subjectPATIENTS
dc.subjectPEDIATRICS
dc.subjectPHYSICIAN
dc.subjectPHYSICIANS
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPOLITICAL INSTABILITY
dc.subjectPOOR
dc.subjectPOOR AREAS
dc.subjectPOPULATION DENSITY
dc.subjectPOPULATION GROUPS
dc.subjectPOVERTY INDICATORS
dc.subjectPRIMARY HEALTH CARE
dc.subjectPRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES
dc.subjectPRIVATE DOCTORS
dc.subjectPROBABILITY
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
dc.subjectREDUCING MATERNAL MORTALITY
dc.subjectREMOTE AREAS
dc.subjectREMOTE RURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL
dc.subjectRURAL AREA
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL CLINICS
dc.subjectRURAL COMMUNITIES
dc.subjectRURAL COMMUNITY
dc.subjectRURAL DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectRURAL DISTRICTS
dc.subjectRURAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectRURAL GAP
dc.subjectRURAL GAPS
dc.subjectRURAL HEALTH
dc.subjectRURAL HEALTH CARE
dc.subjectRURAL LABOR
dc.subjectRURAL MARKETS
dc.subjectRURAL MEDICINE
dc.subjectRURAL PEOPLE
dc.subjectRURAL POLICY
dc.subjectRURAL POPULATIONS
dc.subjectRURAL PROVINCES
dc.subjectRURAL REGIONS
dc.subjectRURAL SERVICE
dc.subjectRURAL SERVICES
dc.subjectRURAL WORKERS
dc.subjectSAFETY
dc.subjectSCARCE RESOURCES
dc.subjectSKILL LEVEL
dc.subjectSOCIAL FACTORS
dc.subjectSPILLOVER
dc.subjectSPOUSE
dc.subjectSPOUSES
dc.subjectSURGERY
dc.subjectTARGETING
dc.subjectTRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectUNDER-FIVE MORTALITY
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectURBAN AREA
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBAN HEALTH CARE
dc.subjectUSER FEES
dc.subjectVILLAGES
dc.subjectVIOLENCE
dc.subjectWAR
dc.subjectWOMAN
dc.subjectWORKERS
dc.subjectWORKFORCE
dc.subjectWORKING CONDITIONS
dc.subjectWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
dc.titleReducing Geographical Imbalances of Health Workers in Sub-Saharan Africa : A Labor Market Perspective on What Works, What Does Not, and Why

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