Afghanistan Diagnostics Trade Integration Study

World Bank

Afghanistan Diagnostics Trade Integration Study

Autores

World Bank

Editor

Washington, DC

Descripción

Trade enables countries to import ideas and technologies, realize comparative advantages and economies of scale, and foster competition and innovation, which in turn increases productivity and achieves higher sustainable employment and economic growth. Countries open to international trade tend to provide more opportunities to their people, and grow faster. Afghanistan could derive far more benefit from its international trade opportunities than it does at present. This Diagnostics Trade Integration Study (DTIS) report is intended to identify concrete policy actions in three areas of endeavor: lowering the transaction costs of trade, increasing Afghanistan's competitiveness in world markets, and providing an analytical foundation for Afghanistan's national trade strategy. The study examines how to do this, looking not only at trade performance and policy, but also at three sectors with great export potential: agriculture, gemstones and carpets, as well as the investment climate, customs as a driver of trade facilitation, and on promoting infrastructure services. All five chapters in this report provide a detailed and comprehensive analysis of trade issues intended to reduce the transaction costs of trade. Growth in Afghanistan has been strong and volatile because of its heavy reliance on agriculture. Now it faces a transition: prospects of a drawdown of international military forces and a decline in civilian aid by 2014. Security issues and political instability could undermine Afghanistan's Transition. Such threats could harm not only economic growth, but deterioration would repel private-sector investment.

Palabras clave

ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY, ADVERSE EFFECT, ADVERSE IMPACTS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURE, APPAREL, APPLIED TARIFF, ARBITRAGE, AVERAGE TARIFF, AVERAGE TARIFFS, BALANCE OF PAYMENTS, BARRIERS TO TRADE, BASKET OF GOODS, BENCHMARKS, BILATERAL AGREEMENTS, BORDER TRADE, BUSINESS CLIMATE, BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT, CAPACITY BUILDING, CAPITAL ACCUMULATION, CENTRAL BANK, CERTAIN EXTENT, CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES, COMPETITIVE POSITION, COMPETITIVENESS, COMPETITIVENESS OF FIRMS, CONSUMER PROTECTION, CONSUMERS, CURRENT ACCOUNT, CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT, CUSTOMS, CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION, CUSTOMS DUTIES, CUSTOMS DUTY, CUSTOMS OFFICIALS, CUSTOMS PROCEDURES, CUSTOMS REVENUE, CUSTOMS REVENUES, CUSTOMS VALUATION, DEBT, DEMAND FOR GOODS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS, DISPUTE RESOLUTION, DISTORTIONARY EFFECTS, DISTRIBUTION COSTS, DOMESTIC INDUSTRIES, DOMESTIC PRODUCTION, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, ECONOMIC POLICY, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, EMPIRICAL STUDIES, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, EQUILIBRIUM, EXPORT BASE, EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS, EXPORT COSTS, EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION, EXPORT GROWTH, EXPORT MARKET, EXPORT MARKETS, EXPORT OPPORTUNITIES, EXPORT PERFORMANCE, EXPORT PROMOTION, EXPORT PROMOTION AGENCY, EXPORT RATIO, EXPORT SECTORS, EXPORT SUPPORT, EXPORT TRADE, EXPORTERS, EXPORTS, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FISH, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN MARKETS, FOREIGN TRADE, FREE ACCESS, FREE TRADE, FREE TRADE AREA, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, GLOBAL MARKETS, GRAVITY MODEL, GRAVITY MODELS, GROWTH POTENTIAL, GROWTH PROJECTIONS, HUMAN CAPITAL, IMPORT DUTIES, IMPORT LICENSES, IMPORT LICENSING, IMPORT TAXES, IMPORT VALUE, IMPORT VALUES, IMPORTS, INCOME, INCOMES, INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICE, INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INVENTORY, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, INVESTOR PROTECTION, JOB CREATION, LABOR FORCE, LDCS, LEGAL FRAMEWORK, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES, LOBBYING, LOW TARIFFS, MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS, MACROECONOMIC FACTORS, MARKET ACCESS, MARKET COMPETITION, MONETARY POLICY, MUTUAL RECOGNITION, NEW MARKETS, NEW PRODUCT, NEW PRODUCTS, OIL, OPEN ECONOMIES, POLICY DECISIONS, POLICY ENVIRONMENT, POLLUTION, POPULATION GROWTH, POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES, PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENTS, PRICE FLUCTUATIONS, PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTION COSTS, PROFIT MARGINS, PUBLIC GOODS, QUALITY STANDARDS, QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS, RAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH, REAL GDP, REDUCTION IN TARIFFS, REFRIGERATION, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, REGIONAL TRADE, REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, RETAIL TRADE, RULES OF ORIGIN, SOCIAL WELFARE, SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS, SUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION, TARIFF CLASSIFICATION, TARIFF DISPERSION, TARIFF LINE, TARIFF LINES, TARIFF POLICY, TARIFF RATE, TARIFF RATES, TARIFF REDUCTION, TARIFF REFORM, TARIFF REVENUE, TARIFF SCHEDULE, TARIFF STRUCTURE, TAX, TAX RATE, TAX RATES, TAXATION, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TECHNICAL COMMITTEES, TECHNICAL REGULATIONS, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TERMS OF TRADE, TOTAL OUTPUT, TOTAL REVENUE, TRADE AGREEMENT, TRADE BALANCE, TRADE BARRIERS, TRADE COOPERATION, TRADE COSTS, TRADE DATA, TRADE DEFICIT, TRADE DEVELOPMENT, TRADE DISTORTIONS, TRADE FACILITATION, TRADE FLOWS, TRADE IN SERVICES, TRADE INDICATORS, TRADE INFORMATION, TRADE INTEGRATION, TRADE ISSUES, TRADE MORE, TRADE NEGOTIATION, TRADE PARTNER, TRADE PERFORMANCE, TRADE POLICY, TRADE REFORM, TRADE REGIMES, TRADE STRATEGY, TRADE VALUE, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSPORT COSTS, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNSKILLED LABOR, VALUATION, VALUE ADDED, VALUE OF EXPORTS, WAGES, WEALTH, WORLD MARKETS, WORLD TRADE, WTO