Effects of Early-Life Exposure to Sanitation on Childhood Cognitive Skills : Evidence from India's Total Sanitation Campaign
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
World Bank, Washington, DC
Resumen
Descripción
Early life health and net nutrition
shape childhood and adult cognitive skills and human
capital. In poor countries -- and especially in South Asia
-- widespread open defecation without making use of a toilet
or latrine is an important source of childhood disease. This
paper studies the effects on childhood cognitive achievement
of early life exposure to India's Total Sanitation
Campaign, a large government program that encouraged local
governments to build and promote use of inexpensive pit
latrines. In the early years of the program studied here,
the TSC caused six-year-olds exposed to it in their first
year of life to be more likely to recognize letters and
simple numbers. The results suggest both that open
defecation is an important threat to the human capital of
the Indian labor force, and that a program feasible to low
capacity governments in developing countries could improve
average cognitive skills.
Palabras clave
ABILITY LEVELS, ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT, ACHIEVEMENT TESTS, ADOLESCENCE, ADULT EDUCATION, AGE COHORT, AGE TRENDS, AGED, BULLETIN, CENSUSES, CHILD DEVELOPMENT, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILDHOOD, COGNITIVE ABILITY, COGNITIVE ACHIEVEMENT, COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, COGNITIVE OUTCOMES, COGNITIVE SKILLS, COGNITIVE TESTS, CONTROL GROUPS, DEFECATION, DEMOCRACY, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DEVELOPMENTAL PERIOD, DEVELOPMENTAL POTENTIAL, DEWORMING, DIARRHEA, DIARRHOEA, DISEASE, DRINKING WATER, EARLY CHILDHOOD, EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT, EARLY INTERVENTION, EARLY YEARS, EDUCATED MOTHERS, EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES, EDUCATIONAL PERFORMANCE, EDUCATIONAL TESTS, ENROLLMENT, EPIDEMIOLOGY, FAMILY PLANNING, FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM, FEMALE EDUCATION, GIRLS, GLOBAL HEALTH, GLOBAL POVERTY, HEALTH CONSEQUENCES, HEIGHT FOR AGE, HOOKWORM, HUMAN BIOLOGY, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN EXCRETA, HYGIENE, INDEXES, INFANT, INFANT DEATHS, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANTS, INFECTION, INFECTIONS, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, INFERENCE, INFLAMMATION, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, INTERVENTION, INTERVENTIONS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LEARNING, LEARNING OUTCOMES, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LITERACY, LITERACY RATES, LIVE BIRTHS, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, MALABSORPTION, MALNUTRITION, MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH, MEDICINE, MIGRATION, MORTALITY, MOTHER, MOTIVATION, NUTRITION, OLDER CHILDREN, PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT, PIT LATRINES, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POOR HEALTH, POPULATION DENSITY, PROGRESS, PUBLIC HEALTH, READING, RECOGNITION, RESEARCH PROGRAM, RURAL AREAS, RURAL CHILDREN, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL DISTRICT, RURAL POPULATION, SANITARY CONDITIONS, SANITATION, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SCHOOLING, SCHOOLS, SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE, SERVICE DELIVERY, SEX, SIGNIFICANT POLICY, SOCIAL MOBILIZATION, SOCIAL NORMS, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TABOO, TOUCH, TREATMENT, TROPICAL MEDICINE, TUITION, URBAN AREAS, VACCINATION, VACCINATION PROGRAM, WOMAN, WORKFORCE, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, YOUNG CHILDREN