Evaluating Social Funds : A Cross-Country Analysis of Community Investments
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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The study seeks to answer four questions
that summarize the fundamental issues in the international
debate about the capacity of social funds to improve
beneficiaries' living conditions: o Do social funds
reach poor areas and poor households? Do social funds
deliver high-quality, sustainable investments? Do social
funds affect living standards? How cost-efficient are social
funds and the investments they finance, compared with other
delivery mechanisms? The findings and lessons from this
research reflect a specific moment in the evolution of six
social funds and therefore may not fully predict the future
impact of current investments. The evaluation assesses
subprojects identified and implemented between 1993 and
1999, a period when longer-term objectives-such as
increasing access to and utilization of basic services-began
to supplant the funds' original emergency mandates. The
time period selected allowed enough elapsed time following
the implementation of the social fund subprojects to make
measurement of impact and sustainability possible. The
evaluation does not consider the effects of social fund
projects on employment or on income generation-the original
objectives of the first generation of social funds, which
were introduced in Latin America. It also does not discuss
the effect of social fund investments on capacity building-a
more recent emphasis of social funds seeking to assist
decentralization and community development.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO SAFE WATER, ACCESS TO SERVICES, BENEFICIARIES, CAPACITY BUILDING, CASE STUDIES, CASE STUDY, CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, CHILD MORTALITY, CLINICS, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE, COST ANALYSIS, COST RECOVERY, COUNTERFACTUAL, DATA COLLECTION, DATA SOURCES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT NETWORK, DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME, DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS, DIPHTHERIA, DISCRIMINATION, ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EVALUATING POVERTY, EVALUATION RESULTS, FACILITY SURVEYS, FEASIBILITY STUDIES, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, GEOGRAPHIC TARGETING, GRANT FINANCING, GROUP INTERVIEWS, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CENTER, HEALTH CENTERS, HEALTH EFFECTS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HOUSEHOLD ACCESS, HOUSEHOLD DATA, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, IMPACT EVALUATION, IMPROVED HEALTH, INCOME, INCREASED ACCESS, INCREASED DEMAND, INFANTS, INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS, LIVING STANDARDS, LIVING STANDARDS MEASUREMENT, LIVING STANDARDS MEASUREMENT STUDY, LOCAL AUTHORITIES, LOCAL INSTITUTIONS, LOCAL SERVICES, MAINTENANCE OF FACILITIES, MANAGERS, MEDICINES, MORTALITY, MORTALITY RATES, MUNICIPALITIES, NATIONAL POVERTY, NATIONAL POVERTY LINE, NATIONAL STATISTICS OFFICE, NGO, NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, NUTRITION, PATIENTS, PIPELINE, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POOR AREAS, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POPULATION GROWTH, PORTFOLIOS, POVERTY ANALYSIS, POVERTY LEVELS, POVERTY LINES, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES, POVERTY TARGETING, PRIVATE SECTOR, PUBLIC SECTOR, QUALITY OF WATER, REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLES, RESEARCH DESIGN, RURAL AREAS, RURAL WATER, SAMPLE SIZE, SAMPLE SIZES, SANITARY FACILITIES, SANITATION SERVICES, SCHOOLS, SECTOR MINISTRIES, SEWERAGE SYSTEMS, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL EXPENDITURES, SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, SOCIAL PROTECTION, TARGETING PERFORMANCE, TECHNICAL QUALITY, TIME FRAME, TRADEOFFS, URBAN AREAS, UTILITIES, WATER PROJECTS, WATER SUPPLY, WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS, WATER SYSTEMS, WILLINGNESS TO PAY, WORKERS SOCIAL FUNDS, COMMUNITY INVESTMENT, CAPACITY BUILDING, STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION, HOUSEHOLDS, METHODOLOGY, INFRASTRUCTURE, MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, HEALTH ISSUES, WATER SYSTEMS, LATRINES, COMMUNITY PRIORITIES, MAINTENANCE, EDUCATION, WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS, SEWERAGE, COST EFFICIENCY, METHODOLOGY, EDUCATION, SANITATION, HEALTH CENTERS, GENDER ISSUES, OWNERSHIP, SOCIAL PROGRAMS